Chapter 4 Operant Conditioning
Chapter 4 Operant Conditioning
Chapter 4 Operant Conditioning 4.3.3 Major Theoretical notions x radical behaviorism: rejected the mentalistic ideas such as drive, motivation, and purpose because they refer to private, mental experience and represented a return to nonscientific psy. The observable and measurable aspects of the environment, of an organisms behavior, and of the consequences of that behavior were the critical material for scientific scrutiny
Chapter 4 Operant Conditioning ⚫ 4.3.3 Major Theoretical Notions ⚫ ＊radical behaviorism:rejected the mentalistic ideas such as drive, motivation, and purpose because they refer to private,mental experience and represented a return to nonscientific psy. The observable and measurable aspects of the environment, of an organism’s behavior, and of the consequences of that behavior were the critical material for scientific scrutiny
Chapter 4 Operant Conditioning o x respondent and operant behavior o Respondent behavior: behavior elicited by a known stimulus. e.g. UR and all reflexes.It depends on the stimulus that precede it Operant behavior: behavior not elicited by a known stimulus but is simply emitted by the organism. It seems to appear spontaneously. e.g. whistling, standing up and walking about, a child abandoning one toy in favor of another. et al. It is controlled by its consequences
Chapter 4 Operant Conditioning ⚫ ＊respondent and operant behavior ⚫ Respondent behavior: behavior elicited by a known stimulus.e.g.UR and all reflexes.It depends on the stimulus that precede it. ⚫ Operant behavior:behavior not elicited by a known stimulus but is simply emitted by the organism. It seems to appear spontaneously. e.g. whistling, standing up and walking about, a child abandoning one toy in favor of another, et al. It is controlled by its consequences
Chapter 4 Operant Conditioning o 4.3.3 Major Theoretical Notions ●大 Type s and Type r conditioning o Type s Conditioning: respondent conditioning which is identical to classical conditioning. It emphasizes the importance or the stimulus in eliciting the desired response. The strength of conditioning is determined by the magnitude of cr o Type R Conditioning: operant conditioning, which closely resembles Thorndike's conditioning It emphasizes the response. The strength of conditioning is shown by response rate
Chapter 4 Operant Conditioning ⚫ 4.3.3 Major Theoretical Notions ⚫ ＊Type S and Type R Conditioning ⚫ Type S Conditioning: respondent conditioning which is identical to classical conditioning. It emphasizes the importance or the stimulus in eliciting the desired response. The strength of conditioning is determined by the magnitude of CR. ⚫ Type R Conditioning: operant conditioning, which closely resembles Thorndike’s conditioning. It emphasizes the response. The strength of conditioning is shown by response rate
Chapter 4 Operant Conditioning o 4.3.3 Major Theoretical notions o x operant conditioning principles: (1) any response that is followed by a reinforcing stimulus tends to repeated. This process is sometimes called contingent reinforcement, because getting the reinforcer is contingent(dependenton the organism's emitting a certain response. o(2) a reinforcing stimulus is anything that increases the probability of a responses recurring. Skinner said: whether something is reinforcing can only be ascertained by its effect on behavior
Chapter 4 Operant Conditioning ⚫ 4.3.3 Major Theoretical Notions ⚫ ＊operant conditioning principles: ⚫ （1）any response that is followed by a reinforcing stimulus tends to repeated.This process is sometimes called contingent reinforcement,because getting the reinforcer is contingent(dependent)on the organism’s emitting a certain response. ⚫ (2）a reinforcing stimulus is anything that increases the probability of a response’s recurring. Skinner said:whether something is reinforcing can only be ascertained by its effect on behavior