MULTIPLE CHOICE Select the best ans 1. As technology continues to advance, many people 5. The circuitry of the system unit is usually part of believe that is key to success. or is connected to a cireuit board called the a, computer animation b, computer programming a. processor b. motherboard c, computer crime c, keyboard d computer literacy 6. A computer phrase known as garbage in, garbage out points out that the of a computer's 2. Computer literacy means having the knowledge output depends on the accuracy of the inpu and understanding of and their uses b. correctness a, application software c. storage d. consistency b system software 7. In a network. the main differences between the C. computers server and client computers are that the server d, computer hardware usually has 3. Three commonly used are a printer, a a. less power, less storage, and is less reliable monitor, and speakers. b less power, more storage, but is less reliable input devices c. more power, less storage, but is more reliable b, output devices d, more power, more storage, and is more reliable c. storage devices 8. Some widely used include(s) personal d communications devices information manager, desktop publishing, and Web page authoring 4.A(n) is any hardware component that conveys information to one or more people. a, system software a. input device b. operating systems b. output device c. application software c. storage device d. utility programs d communications device 8 WORKING TOGETHER Working with a group od your classmates, complete the following team exercise Six commonly used input devices are listed in this chapter. These devices are a keyboard, mouse, microphone scanner,PC video camera, and digital camera. Using the Internet or other resources, prepare a report about each one of these devices, Talk about how and when you would use one device instead of another. What are some of the different features available in each device? How would you decide which keyboard, mouse, and so on is the best for your special needs? Share your reports with the class
Connecting to the Internet remember and use, so the Internet uses text Employees and students often connect to the names that represent one or more IPaddresses Internet through a business or school network. a domain name is the text version of an IP When this is the case, the computers usually are address. In the same way as an IP address, the part of a network that connects to an access parts of a domain name are separated by provider through a high-speed connection line rented from the local telephone company dial-up access to connect to the Internet Dial-up 4 THE WORLD WIDE WEB access happens when the modem in your computer uses a traditional telephone line to Although many people use the terms world Wide Web and Internet to mean the same thing easy and inexpensive way for users to connect to the world Wide Web actually is a newer service the Internet. A dial-up connection, however, is slow-speed technology the late 1960s, but the World Wide Web emerged Some home and small business users use three decades later-in the early 1990s. Since another choice: higher-speed connections such hen, however, it has grown quickly to becom as DSL, ISDN, or cable television Internet one of the more widely used services on the e ervices dsL (digital subscriber line)and ISDN Internet (Integrated Services Digital Network)are The world Wide Web(Www), or Web, is technologies that provide higher-speed Internet made up of a worldwide collection of electronic connections by using common copper telephone documents, Each electronic document on the lines. A cable modem provides high-speed Web is called a Web page, which can contain Internet connections through the cable television text, graphics, audio(sound ), and video. Web network pages also usually have built-in connections to other documents. A Web site is a collection of I How Data Travels the Internet related Web pages and other related items, such Computers that are connected to the Internet as documents and pictures, that are stored on a Web server work together to transfer data and information around the world by using servers and clients The following pages talk about how to browse the Web, use a Web address, search for On the Internet, your computer is a client that can access data, information and services on nformation on the Web, and recognize kinds of many different servers. Web sites. Multimedia on the Web and e. The inner structure of the Internet works much commerce(business on the Web)are also discussed like a transportation system. Just as highways connect major cities and carry most of the traffic across the country, several main transmission Browsing the Web media carry the heaviest amount of traffic on the A Web browser, or browser, is an application Internet software that allows users to access and view Web pages. To browse the Web, you need a Internet Addresses computer that is connected to the Internet and The Internet depends on an addressing system that has a Web browser. After the Internet is much like the postal service to send data to a onnected, you can start a Web browser. The certain computer. An IP address, short for more widely used Web browsers for personal internet Protocol address, is a number that computers are Microsoft Internet Explorer, uniquely identifies each computer or device Netscape, and Mozilla connected to the Internet. The IP address usuall The phrase home page usually refers to the is made up of four groups of numbers, and each first page that a Web site displays. Like a book group is separated by a period. The number in cover or a table of contents for a Web site, the each group is between 0 and 255. For example, home page gives information about the Web the numbers 198.80 146. 30 are an IP address In sites purpose and content. Often it provides general, the first part of each IPaddress connections to other documents, Web pages, or identifies the network and the last part identifies Web sites the specific computer Downloading is the process of a computer These all-numeric IP addresses are difficult to receiving information, such as a Web page, from
15 a server on the Internet set of rules that defines how pages transfer on A Web page download can take from a few the Web seconds to several minutes, depending on the If you do not enter a Web address correctly, speed of your Internet connection and the your browser will not find the Web site or Wet up the display of Web pages, most Webpeec amount of text and graphics involved. To speed page that yo it(view). A Web server is a computer that delivers Web browsers allows users to turn off the graphics pages that you request to your computer and display only text For example, when you enter the Web address http://wwwabecom/careers/index.htmlinthe I Web Addresses Web browser, it sends a request to the server that A Web page has a unique address, called a storesthewwwabc.comWebsite.Theserver URL (Uniform Resource Locator)or Web address then finds the Web page named "index. html"in Many companies and groups use the Web as the"careers "path and sends it to your browser. another way of advertising or making information public Navigating Web Pages As shown in Figure 2-1, a Web address is Most Web pages contain links. A link, short for made up of a protocol, domain name, and the hyperlink, is a built-in connection to another path to a specific Web page. Many Web page related Web page or part of a Web page Webaddressesbeginwith"http://".thehttp When you are reading an article on the Web which stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol, is a about nutrition, you might want to learn more orotocol domain name path Web page name http://www.jnj.com/careers/index.htm 的6 text bo big-ompany impact FIGURE 2-1 This Johnson Johnson careers Web page displays when you enter the webaddresswww.com/careers/indexhtmlintheAddresstextbox
about counting calories. After linking to and This means that there is no central menu or list reading information about counting calories, of Web site content and addresses Several you might want to find low-fat, low-calorie companies, however, have organized directories recipes. Aft r reading these e, you might want of Web sites to help people find information on to learn about a chef who specializes in specific topi healthy and tasty food. Links are so powerful A search engine is a software program that because they can branch from one related finds Web sites and Web pages. Search engines topic to another in a nonlinear fashion. Some are especially helpful when you are looking for people use the phrase, surfing the Web, to Web pages about certain topics or for specific escribe the activity of using links to explore pages for which you do not know the exact Web the Web address. There are thousands of search engines On the Web, a link can be text or an image Some search on any topic and others search on You often can identify text links by looking at only certain subjects, such as finding people, job the Web page. Text links usually are underlined hunting, or buying land. For example, to use the andareinadifferentcolorfromothertextontheGooglesearchengineyouenter"google.com Web page. Pointing to(putting the pointer on)a in the Address text box in the browser window link on the screen usually changes the shape of From a search engine, you easily can find Web the pointer to a small hand with a pointing pages Simply enter a word or phrase, called finger. The Web page in Figure 2-2 contains search text or keywords, in the search engines number of different link types, with the pointer text box, press the Enter key on the keyboard, on one of the links and the search engine will display a list of hits, Each link on a Web page relates to another or Web page names, that contain the search text Web address. To activate a link, you click it, that Each hit in the list has a link that, when you click is, point to the link and then press the left mouse it, displays the Web site or Web page that is button, Clicking a link brings up the Web connected to that link address connected to the link and displays it on the sc Multimedia on the Web Most Web pages have more than text and Searching for Information on the Web links. In fact, some of the more exciting Web There is no organization that controls all of the pages use multimedia Multimedia means any dding, deleting, and changing of Web sites application that uses text together with graphics, AMe tw hewe badtandeomidalwe Creativity Center Spelt Ielp eyExpressit Greetings Center pointer Mit te Cured.: atuam FRft swage 样轴 M m.L制的 thty eeth proiect Center tditieg 4 Shatien Photos LHa Now ss At Center 和hc fee Than sha 3DHome Landscape FIGURE 2-2 This Web page contains different kinds of links: text that is underlined text in a different color, and images
animation, audio, video, and /or virtual reality. have larger file sizes and may need speare The BMP PCX, and TIFF formats in F A Web page that uses multimedia is much more interesting than one with only text on a gray software, and so they are not used on the Web as background. Multimedia brings a Web page to much as JPEG and GIF life, adds to the kinds of information that are available on the Web, gives the Web more ANIMATION Many Web pages use animation, potential uses, and makes the Internet a more which looks like motion because of a series of entertaining place to explore Multimedia Web still images shown quickly in order. Animation pages often require proper hardware and can make Web pages more interesting to look at software and take more time to download or can draw attention to important information because they have large graphics files and video or links. Web-based games often use animation or audio clips Some animations even have links to a different The sections that follow discuss how the Web Web page. uses graphics, animation, audio, video, and A popular type of animation, called an virtual reality animated GIF, uses computer animation and graphics software to put together several images GRAPHICs A graphic, or graphical image, is a into a single GIF file. Web page developers often digital way of showing nontext information find it is easier to create animated GIFs than to such as a drawing, chart, or photograph use a programming language to create Graphics were the first media added to the text- animations. based Internet AUDIO On the Web, you can listen to audio GRAPHICS FORMATS USED ON THE WEB clips and live audio, Audio is music, speech, or Acronym Name any other sound. Bit Ma Simple audio applications on the Web are GIF (pronounced JIFF) Graphics Interchange made up of individual sound files that are Format available to download to a computer. After you JPEG(pronounced Joint Photographic download them, you can play(listen to) the JAY-peg) contents of these files Like graphics files, audio PC Paintbrush files have many kinds of formats. Some common PNG (pronounced ping) Portable Network Graphics Web audio file formats are MP3, WAV, WMA (Windows Media Audio), MPEG, RealAudio, Tagged Image File and Quick Time. Audio files are compressed to make their file sizes smaller. For example, the FIGURE 2-3 The Web uses graphics file formats MP3 format changes an audio file to about one- tenth of its original size, but, at the same time preserves much of the original quality of the JPEG and GIF formats are the two more sound common of the graphics formats that exist on To listen to an audio file on your computer, the Web(Figure 2-3). PEG is a format that you need special software called a player. Most compresses graphics to make their file size of today's operating systems have a player. smaller, which means the file takes up less Windows Media Player and RealOne Player are storage space. Web pages with smaller file sizes two popular players. If your player will not play download faster because small files transmit a certain audio format, you can download the faster than large files. When a file is more player that you need from the Web for free compressed, the image is smaller, but the Some applications on the Web use streaming quality is lower. The goal with JPEG graphics is audio Streaming is the process of transferring to find a balance between image quality and data in a smooth and unbroken flow Streaming file size allows users to access and use a file when it is GIF graphics also use compression to make file transmitting. For example, streaming audio lets sizes smaller. The GIF format works best for you listen to music while it downloads to your images that have only a few clear colors, like computer line drawings, single-color borders, and simple MP3, QuickTime, Windows Media Format, cartoons. The newer PNG format is similar to but and RealAudio are accepted standards that can better than the GIF format, and will probably be used by most Web browsers for transmitting someday take the place of the GIF format streaming audio data on the Internet. RealAudio