Second position G 儿U UCU UAU UGU Phe ys UUC UCC UAC UGC UUA UCA UAA Stop UGA Stop A >Leu UCG AG Stop UGG Trp G CCU CAU CG CUC CAC CGC C Pro Ara CUA CCA CAA GA Gin CUG CCG CAG CGG G AUU ACU AAU AGU U Asn er AUC >lle ACC AAC AGC C Thr AUA ACA AAA AGA LyS AuG Met ACG AAG AGG ArgG GUU GCU GAU GGU U Asp GUC GCC GAC GGC val Ala Gly GGA Glu GAG
3 Effect of mutation The grouping of synonymous codons means that the effects of mutations are minimized Transitions(碱基转换) are where a purine is mutated into the other purine, or pyrimidine is mutated into other pyrimidine Transversions(碱基颠换) are where a purine changes to a pyrimidine or vice versa
The grouping of synonymous codons means that the effects of mutations are minimized. Transitions (碱基转换) are where a purine is mutated into the other purine, or pyrimidine is mutated into other pyrimidine . Transversions(碱基颠换) are where a purine changes to a pyrimidine or vice versa. 3 Effect of mutation
The effect of transition and transversion on specified amino acid Transition Transversion Third position no effect, over half no effect except Met, Trp Second position effect on AA effect on both species only AA species and type first position a similar type of AA, in few cases, no effect on AA species like Leu, Arg, Ser
The effect of transition and transversion on specified amino acid Transition Transversion Third position no effect, over half no effect except Met, Trp Second position effect on AA effect on both species only AA species and type first position a similar type of AA, in few cases, no effect on AA species like Leu, Arg, Ser
4 The universality of genetic codons Until recently, the standard genetic code was considered universal however. some deviations are found in mitochondria and some unicellular
4 The universality of genetic codons Until recently, the standard genetic code was considered universal, however, some deviations are found in mitochondria and some unicellular
Codon Usual Use Alternate Use Where alternate Use Occurs AGA Stop, Ser Some animal mitochondria. some AGG protozoans AUA Ile Met Mitochondria CGG Arg T Plant mitochondria CUU Thr Yeast mitochondria CUC CUA CUG AOU Ie Start(N-fMet) Some prokaryotes GUG OUG Leu UAA Stop u one protozoans UAG UGA Stor T Mitochondria, mycoplasmas Selenocysteine E colr 硒代半胱氨酸 Depends on context of message, other factor
硒代半胱氨酸