养方案中毕业基本要求4.1、7.2、8.1及专业核心能力3.1、4.2This text describes the heroic struggle of the Koshaks and their friends against theforces of a devastating hurricane. Unwilling to abandon their home, the Koshaks hadmade full preparations for the hurricane. However, they had underestimated the ferocityof Hurricane Camille. The overwhelming wind and rain whipped the house so that itwas on the verge of disintegration. The Koshaks and their friends tried to quit the house,but unfortunately failed because of the doused car. They scrambled back, terrified andbewildered. Plunged in a desperate situation, they attempted to support each other withverbal comforts or prayers to God. With the entire roof lifted off, the staircase breakingapart, and the walls toppling, the Koshaks found no room sanctuary and prepared a doorfor the nine children. Luckily the main thrust of Camille had passed and the Koshaksand theirfriends survived.Organizations withinthe country had cometo theaid of thedevastated coast and the inhabitants there quickly reorganized their lives. Though thehurricane had deprived the Koshaks of all their material possessions, the family camethrough it, which was the most significant thing for them.VIl.Paraphrase（培养学生理解长难句的能力，对标本专业人才培养方案中毕业基本要求4.1、7.3及专业核心能力1.1、2.2)1. Radio and television warnings had sounded throughout that Sunday, last August 17,as Camille lashed northwestward across theGulfof Mexico:Radio and television had broadcast warnings of potential danger that Sunday, lastCAugust 17, as Camille struck northwestward across the Gulf of Mexico.2.Nearly 150,000 people fled inland to safer ground:Nearly 150,000 people ran away to the interior of the country where they would besafer.3.We are elevated 23 feet:?Weare23feetabovesealevel4.The place has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever bothered it:Thehousehasbeenhere since1915,andnohurricanehas ever causedanydamageto it.5.We can batten down and ride it out:We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without muchdamage.6.The men methodically prepared for the hurricane:The men made all the necessary preparations to fight the hurricane in a systematic80
80 养方案中毕业基本要求 4.1、7.2、8.1 及专业核心能力 3.1、4.2） This text describes the heroic struggle of the Koshaks and their friends against the forces of a devastating hurricane. Unwilling to abandon their home, the Koshaks had made full preparations for the hurricane. However, they had underestimated the ferocity of Hurricane Camille. The overwhelming wind and rain whipped the house so that it was on the verge of disintegration. The Koshaks and their friends tried to quit the house, but unfortunately failed because of the doused car. They scrambled back, terrified and bewildered. Plunged in a desperate situation, they attempted to support each other with verbal comforts or prayers to God. With the entire roof lifted off, the staircase breaking apart, and the walls toppling, the Koshaks found no room sanctuary and prepared a door for the nine children. Luckily the main thrust of Camille had passed and the Koshaks and their friends survived. Organizations within the country had come to the aid of the devastated coast and the inhabitants there quickly reorganized their lives. Though the hurricane had deprived the Koshaks of all their material possessions, the family came through it, which was the most significant thing for them. VII. Paraphrase（培养学生理解长难句的能力，对标本专业人才培养方案中毕业 基本要求 4.1、7.3 及专业核心能力 1.1、2.2） 1. Radio and television warnings had sounded throughout that Sunday, last August 17, as Camille lashed northwestward across the Gulf of Mexico: Radio and television had broadcast warnings of potential danger that Sunday, last August 17, as Camille struck northwestward across the Gulf of Mexico. 2. Nearly 150,000 people fled inland to safer ground: Nearly 150,000 people ran away to the interior of the country where they would be safer. 3. We are elevated 23 feet: We are 23 feet above sea level. 4. The place has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever bothered it: The house has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever caused any damage to it. 5. We can batten down and ride it out: We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage. 6. The men methodically prepared for the hurricane: The men made all the necessary preparations to fight the hurricane in a systematic
and orderly manner.7. Gray clouds scudded in from the Gulf on the rising wind:CGray clouds weredriven inland from the Gulf bythewind that was getting strongerand stronger.8.Wind and rain nowwhipped the house:?Strong wind and rain was lashing the house as if with a whip.9. The generator was doused, and the lights went out:Water got into the generator and put it out. It stopped producing electricity so thelights also went out.10. Everybody out the back door to the cars:Everybody go out through the back door and run to the cars.11.The electrical systems had been killed by water:The electrical systems in the car had been put out by water.12. Water inched its way up the steps:Water rose on the steps of the staircase inch by inch13. John watched the water lap at the steps, and felt a crushing guilt:As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guiltbecause he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to fleeinland.14. Get us through this mess, will You? Oh, God, please help us to get through this storm safely15. In its concentrated breadth of some 70 miles it shot out winds of nearly 200 m.p.h.:The hurricane was concentrated within a breadth of about 70 miles and inthis areathe hurricane threw out winds that reached nearly 200 m.p.h16. Along the Gulf Coast it devastated everything in its swath:?Along the Gulf Coast it destroyed everything in its path.17.It tore three large cargo ships from their moorings and beached themThree large cargo ships were torn free from the cables and anchors that held themand were grounded on the beach.18. She carried on alone for a few bars; then her voice trailed away:2She sang a few words alone and then her voice gradually grew dimmer andstopped.19. Pop Koshak raged silently:Grandfather Koshak was furiously angry but he kept silent. (He didn't shout and81
81 and orderly manner. 7. Gray clouds scudded in from the Gulf on the rising wind: Gray clouds were driven inland from the Gulf by the wind that was getting stronger and stronger. 8. Wind and rain now whipped the house: Strong wind and rain was lashing the house as if with a whip. 9. The generator was doused, and the lights went out: Water got into the generator and put it out. It stopped producing electricity so the lights also went out. 10. Everybody out the back door to the cars: Everybody go out through the back door and run to the cars. 11. The electrical systems had been killed by water: The electrical systems in the car had been put out by water. 12. Water inched its way up the steps: Water rose on the steps of the staircase inch by inch. 13. John watched the water lap at the steps, and felt a crushing guilt: As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland. 14. Get us through this mess, will You? Oh, God, please help us to get through this storm safely. 15. In its concentrated breadth of some 70 miles it shot out winds of nearly 200 m.p.h.: The hurricane was concentrated within a breadth of about 70 miles and in this area the hurricane threw out winds that reached nearly 200 m.p.h. 16. Along the Gulf Coast it devastated everything in its swath: Along the Gulf Coast it destroyed everything in its path. 17. It tore three large cargo ships from their moorings and beached them: Three large cargo ships were torn free from the cables and anchors that held them and were grounded on the beach. 18. She carried on alone for a few bars; then her voice trailed away: She sang a few words alone and then her voice gradually grew dimmer and stopped. 19. Pop Koshak raged silently: Grandfather Koshak was furiously angry but he kept silent. (He didn't shout and
cursethehurricane.)20. Make it a lean-to against the wind:Put up the mattress as a protection against the wind.21. The main thrust of Camille had passed:Thedirect and forceful attack of the hurricane had passed.22. They stood shocked, trying to absorb the shattering scenes before their eyes:They stood shocked, trying to fully understand the extensive damage anddestruction which they saw all round them.23... he pitched in with Seabee...福..he set towork energeticallywiththe Seabees...24. Janis had just one delayed reaction: Janis displayed rather late the exhaustion brought about by the nervous tensioncaused bythehurricane25. It could have been depressing, but it wasn't, each salvaged item represented a littlevictory over the wrath of the storm:2Going through the wrecked home picking up things could have a depressing effectbut it didn't. When they picked up some useful things they felt as if they had wonsomekindofavictoryoverthestormVIll.Rhetoricaldevices（学习英语修辞格的应用，培养学生理解并欣赏英语修辞的能力，对标本专业人才培养方案中毕业基本要求7.1及专业核心能力2.1、4.1）1.Metaphor暗喻Metaphor is a way of describing something by referring to it as something differentand suggesting that it has similar qualities to that thing.A metaphor, like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements,but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated.Examples from the text:I) We can batten down and ride it out."Here the writer is comparing the house in a hurricane to a ship fighting a stormat sea. The sentence means we can make the necessary preparations and survivethe hurricane without much damage.2) Wind and rain now whipped the houseHere whipped is used metaphorically. The strong wind and rain is compared to awhip, which was lashing the house.3) Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees...82
82 curse the hurricane.) 20. Make it a lean-to against the wind: Put up the mattress as a protection against the wind. 21. The main thrust of Camille had passed: The direct and forceful attack of the hurricane had passed. 22. They stood shocked, trying to absorb the shattering scenes before their eyes: They stood shocked, trying to fully understand the extensive damage and destruction which they saw all round them. 23. . he pitched in with Seabee.: . he set to work energetically with the Seabees. 24. Janis had just one delayed reaction: Janis displayed rather late the exhaustion brought about by the nervous tension caused by the hurricane. 25. It could have been depressing, but it wasn’t; each salvaged item represented a little victory over the wrath of the storm: Going through the wrecked home picking up things could have a depressing effect, but it didn’t. When they picked up some useful things they felt as if they had won some kind of a victory over the storm. VIII. Rhetorical devices （学习英语修辞格的应用，培养学生理解并欣赏英语修辞 的能力，对标本专业人才培养方案中毕业基本要求 7.1 及专业核心能力 2.1、4.1） 1. Metaphor 暗喻 Metaphor is a way of describing something by referring to it as something different and suggesting that it has similar qualities to that thing. A metaphor, like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. Examples from the text: 1) “We can batten down and ride it out.” Here the writer is comparing the house in a hurricane to a ship fighting a storm at sea. The sentence means we can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage. 2) Wind and rain now whipped the house. Here whipped is used metaphorically. The strong wind and rain is compared to a whip, which was lashing the house. 3) Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees
Here festooned is used metaphorically.Bits of clothing were hanging on thetrees as if decoratingthem withfestoons.4) Camille, meanwhile, had raked its way northward across Mississippi..The word raked is used figuratively, meaning attacked and devastated as itmoved along.2.Simile明喻A simile is a figure of speech that makes a comparison between two unlike elementshaving at least one quality or characteristic in common. To make the comparison, wordslike as, as ... so..., and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to theother. e.g. Jim and Billy are as like as two peas.Examplesfromthetext:1) The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigadeThe writer is comparing the passing of children to the passing of buckets ofwater in a fire brigade when fighting a fire.2) The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards awayThe sound of wind is compared to the roar of a passing train.3) Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the windssnapped them.The sound of the snapping poles is compared to thefiring of guns.4)...blown-down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roadsBlown-down power lines are compared to black spaghetti3.Transferred epithet移就Transferred epithet is, as its name implies, a figure of speech where an epithet (anadjective or descriptive phrase) is transferred from the noun it should rightly modify toanother to which it does not really belong. Generally, the epithet is transferred from aperson to a thing or idea. For instance, when we say we spent sleepless nights on aproject, the word sleepless is a transferred epithet, for nights cannot sleep. We reallymean to say we did not sleep for many nights while working on the project.Example from thetext:Several vacationers..held a hurricane party to watch the storm from theirspectacularvantage point.The word“spectacular"should be used to modifythe“"storm",meaning impressiveto see and strikingly unusual. But here it is used to modify "vantage point"4.Personification拟人83
83 Here festooned is used metaphorically. Bits of clothing were hanging on the trees as if decorating them with festoons. 4) Camille, meanwhile, had raked its way northward across Mississippi. The word raked is used figuratively, meaning attacked and devastated as it moved along. 2. Simile 明喻 A simile is a figure of speech that makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as . so., and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other. e.g. Jim and Billy are as like as two peas. Examples from the text: 1) The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. The writer is comparing the passing of children to the passing of buckets of water in a fire brigade when fighting a fire. 2) The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. The sound of wind is compared to the roar of a passing train. 3) Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them. The sound of the snapping poles is compared to the firing of guns. 4). blown-down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads. Blown-down power lines are compared to black spaghetti. 3. Transferred epithet 移就 Transferred epithet is, as its name implies, a figure of speech where an epithet (an adjective or descriptive phrase) is transferred from the noun it should rightly modify to another to which it does not really belong. Generally, the epithet is transferred from a person to a thing or idea. For instance, when we say we spent sleepless nights on a project, the word sleepless is a transferred epithet, for nights cannot sleep. We really mean to say we did not sleep for many nights while working on the project. Example from the text: Several vacationers.held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point. The word “spectacular” should be used to modify the “storm”, meaning impressive to see and strikingly unusual. But here it is used to modify “vantage point”. 4. Personification 拟人
By definition, personification is a figure of speech that gives human form orfeelings to animals, or life and personal attributes to inanimate objects, or to ideas andabstractions.e.g. The wind whistled through the trees.Examples from the text:I) A moment later, the hurricane, in one mighty swipe, lifted the entire roof offthe house and skimmed it 40 feet through the air: the hurricane acted as a verystrong person lifting something heavy and threw it through the air.2) It seized a 600, 000-gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3.5 miles away:The hurricane was like a very strong person lifting something very heavy anddumping it3.5miles awayIX.Questionsfordiscussion（培养学生沟通能力及英语口语表达能力，对标本专业人才培养方案中毕业基本要求7.2、7.3及专业核心能力1.2、4.2）1.What is the organizational pattern of this text? How would you classify the first sixparagraphs?2.What does the writer focus chiefly on -developing character, action (plot), or idea(theme)?3.Who is the protagonist or leading character in the story?4.What opposing forces make up the conflict?5. How does the writer build up and sustain the suspense in the story?6. How does the writer give order and logical movement to the sequence ofhappenings?7.At what point in the story does the action reach its highest point?8.At what point would you have ended the story? Why?9. Is the last paragraph important? Why?10. What are the strong and weak points of the narration?11.Whom do you admire most in this story?Why?12. What have you learned about people and society in the US? Does the story give atrue picture?X.ExercisesP.13-19（教材中13-19页的练习题，旨在让学生巩固本章所学重点难点内容，对标本专业人才培养方案中毕业基本要求4.1、7.2及专业核心能力1.1、2.1)XI.AssignmentP.15-17（作业布置，检测所学内容，对标本专业人才培养方案中毕业基本要求4.1、7.2、8.1及专业核心能力2.2、3.1)84
84 By definition, personification is a figure of speech that gives human form or feelings to animals, or life and personal attributes to inanimate objects, or to ideas and abstractions. e.g. The wind whistled through the trees. Examples from the text: 1) A moment later, the hurricane, in one mighty swipe, lifted the entire roof off the house and skimmed it 40 feet through the air: the hurricane acted as a very strong person lifting something heavy and threw it through the air. 2) It seized a 600, 000-gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3.5 miles away: The hurricane was like a very strong person lifting something very heavy and dumping it 3.5 miles away. IX. Questions for discussion (培养学生沟通能力及英语口语表达能力，对标本专业 人才培养方案中毕业基本要求 7.2、7.3 及专业核心能力 1.2、4.2） 1. What is the organizational pattern of this text? How would you classify the first six paragraphs? 2. What does the writer focus chiefly on – developing character, action (plot), or idea (theme)? 3. Who is the protagonist or leading character in the story? 4. What opposing forces make up the conflict? 5. How does the writer build up and sustain the suspense in the story? 6. How does the writer give order and logical movement to the sequence of happenings? 7. At what point in the story does the action reach its highest point? 8. At what point would you have ended the story? Why? 9. Is the last paragraph important? Why? 10. What are the strong and weak points of the narration? 11. Whom do you admire most in this story? Why? 12. What have you learned about people and society in the US? Does the story give a true picture? X. Exercises P.13-19（教材中 13-19 页的练习题，旨在让学生巩固本章所学重点难 点内容，对标本专业人才培养方案中毕业基本要求 4.1、7.2 及专业核心能力 1.1、 2.1） XI. Assignment P.15-17（作业布置，检测所学内容，对标本专业人才培养方案中 毕业基本要求 4.1、7.2、8.1 及专业核心能力 2.2、3.1）