Unit 10 Section a I. Background Knowledge 1. Robert schuller a Christian minister known worldwide for his church, the Crystal Cathedral made of glass and steel, and the Hour of Power church service which has been on television every week for 2. CNN CNN is also called Cable News Network, which is a subsidiary company of Turner It was created by Ted Turner in 1980 to present 24-hour live new broadcasts, using satellites to transmit reports from news bureaus around the world. cnn became prominent in 1991 with its coverage of the Persian Gulf War. The company also operates the newa channels Headline News and cnn international 3. Hamlet Hamlet, the Prince of Denmark, is probably the best known of william Shakespeare's works and may well be the most famous English-language play ever written. Categorized as one of Shakespeare's"later tragedies" Hamlet and its namesake hero display fully the mature Bard extraordinary talents. But while Hamlet has been the subject of admiring critical commentary since Elizabethan times, it has also developed a reputation as a different work to analyze The character of Hamlet is one of the most compelling characters ever rising from the pages of English literature. As Shakespeare's play opens, Hamlet is mourning his father, who has been killed, and lamenting the behavior of his mother, Gertrude, who marries his uncle Claudius within a month of his father's death Hamlet devotes himself to avenging his father's death, but, because he is contemplative and thoughtful by nature, he delays, entering into a deep melancholy and even apparent madness II. Text analysis Main idea of the text: The author puts forward, as a good test for honesty, the Integrity Triangle": first, standing firmly for your convictions when confronted with pressure; second, al ways giving other people the praise they merit; third being honest and open about who you are Devices for developing it: 1. Listing(列举法) General statement: A good test for this value is to apply what I call the"Integrity Triangle", which consists of three key principles. (Para. 3) Specific statements 1)Stand firmly for your convictions when confronted with personal pressure.(Para. 4) 2)Always give others credit that is rightfully theirs. ( Para. 9) 3)Be honest and open about who you really are. Para. 12) 2 Exemplification(例证法
Unit 10 Section A I. Background Knowledge 1. Robert Schuller a Christian minister known worldwide for his church, the Crystal Cathedral made of glass and steel, and the Hour of Power church service which has been on television every week for over 30 years. 2. CNN CNN is also called Cable News Network, which is a subsidiary company of Turner Broadcasting Systems. It was created by Ted Turner in 1980 to present 24-hour live new broadcasts, using satellites to transmit reports from news bureaus around the world. CNN became prominent in 1991 with its coverage of the Persian Gulf War. The company also operates the newa channels Headline News and CNN International. 3. Hamlet Hamlet, the Prince of Denmark, is probably the best known of William Shakespeare’s works, and may well be the most famous English-language play ever written. Categorized as one of Shakespeare’s “later tragedies”, Hamlet and its namesake hero display fully the mature Bard’s extraordinary talents. But while Hamlet has been the subject of admiring critical commentary since Elizabethan times, it has also developed a reputation as a different work to analyze. The character of Hamlet is one of the most compelling characters ever rising from the pages of English literature. As Shakespeare’s play opens, Hamlet is mourning his father, who has been killed, and lamenting the behavior of his mother, Gertrude, who marries his uncle Claudius within a month of his father’s death. Prince Hamlet devotes himself to avenging his father’s death, but, because he is contemplative and thoughtful by nature, he delays, entering into a deep melancholy and even apparent madness. II. Text Analysis Main idea of the text: The author puts forward, as a good test for honesty, the “Integrity Triangle”: first, standing firmly for your convictions when confronted with pressure; second, always giving other people the praise they merit; third, being honest and open about who you are. Devices for developing it: 1. Listing(列举法) General statement: A good test for this value is to apply what I call the “Integrity Triangle”, which consists of three key principles. (Para. 3) Specific statements: 1) Stand firmly for your convictions when confronted with personal pressure. (Para. 4) 2) Always give others credit that is rightfully theirs. (Para. 9) 3) Be honest and open about who you really are. (Para. 12) 2. Exemplification ( 例证法）
The author of this passage argues for the"Integrity Triangle" with three principles. Two of the principles are respectively supported by an example The principle Always give others credit that is rightfully theirs. Don' t be afraid of the better idea or who might even be more intelligent than you are. Para 9) Ose who might have a An example to support the principle David Ogilvy, founder of the advertising firm Ogilvy Mather, clarified this point to newly appointed office heads by sending each of them a Russian nesting doll with progressively smaller figures inside His message was contained in the smallest doll: "If each of us hires people who are smaller than we are, we shall become a company of dwarfs. But if each of us hires people who are bigger than we are, Ogilvy Mather will become a company of giants. " And that is precisely what O&M became - one of the largest and most respected advertising organizations in the Now have a look at Para. 4-7 and fill out the charts below to see how this segment is The principle Stand firmly for your convictions when confronted with personal pressure An example to support the principle There's a story told about a surgical nurse's assistance during her first day on the medical team at a well-known hospital. She was responsible for ensuring that all surgical instruments and materials were accounted for during an operation. The nurse said to the surgeon, "You've only removed 1l sponges, and we used 12. We need to find the last one I removed them all. the surgeon assured her. "Well close now You cant do that, sir, protested the nurse. "Think of the patient Smiling, the surgeon lifted his foot and showed the nurse the twelfth sponge. You' ll do just fine in this or any other hospital, " he assured her Structure: Idea: Honesty or integrity involves having a personal standard of morality and boundaries that does not sell out to convenience and that is not relative to the situation at hand Devices for developing it: Citation(引证法) The author cites his grandparents' case as an introduction to his main idea of the"Integrity I My grandparents believed that you were either honest or you were not. There was no middle point. They had a simple saying hanging on their living-room wall: "Life is like a field of newly fallen snow. Where I choose to walk every step will show. They didnt have to talk about it they demonstrated this truth by their life style. Para. 1) Part Il (Para.3-13) Idea: The author argues for the Integrity Triangle"with three principles: stand firmly for your convictions under whatever pressure; give others credit they deserve; and be honest about Devices for developing it: Deduction(演绎法)(Para12-13)
The author of this passage argues for the “Integrity Triangle” with three principles. Two of the principles are respectively supported by an example. The principle: Always give others credit that is rightfully theirs. Don’t be afraid of those who might have a better idea or who might even be more intelligent than you are.（Para. 9） An example to support the principle: David Ogilvy, founder of the advertising firm Ogilvy & Mather, clarified this point to his newly appointed office heads by sending each of them a Russian nesting doll with five progressively smaller figures inside. His message was contained in the smallest doll: “If each of us hires people who are smaller than we are, we shall become a company of dwarfs. But if each of us hires people who are bigger than we are, Ogilvy & Mather will become a company of giants.” And that is precisely what O&M became -- one of the largest and most respected advertising organizations in the world. Now have a look at Para.4 - 7 and fill out the charts below to see how this segment is organized. The principle: Stand firmly for your convictions when confronted with personal pressure. An example to support the principle: There’s a story told about a surgical nurse’s assistance during her first day on the medical team at a well-known hospital. She was responsible for ensuring that all surgical instruments and materials were accounted for during an operation. The nurse said to the surgeon, “You’ve only removed 11 sponges, and we used 12. We need to find the last one.” “I removed them all,” the surgeon assured her. “We’ll close now.” “You can’t do that, sir,” protested the nurse. “Think of the patient.” Smiling, the surgeon lifted his foot and showed the nurse the twelfth sponge. “You’ll do just fine in this or any other hospital,” he assured her. Structure: Part I ((para.1-2) Idea: Honesty or integrity involves having a personal standard of morality and boundaries that does not sell out to convenience and that is not relative to the situation at hand. Devices for developing it: Citation (引证法) The author cites his grandparents’ case as an introduction to his main idea of the “Integrity Triangle”. My grandparents believed that you were either honest or you were not. There was no middle point. They had a simple saying hanging on their living-room wall: “Life is like a field of newly fallen snow. Where I choose to walk every step will show.” They didn’t have to talk about it; they demonstrated this truth by their life style.(Para. 1) Part II (Para.3-13) Idea: The author argues for the “Integrity Triangle” with three principles: stand firmly for your convictions under whatever pressure; give others credit they deserve; and be honest about yourself. Devices for developing it: Deduction ( 演绎法）（Para. 12-13）
Deduction(演绎法) Specific argumentations People who lack genuine core values rely on external factors-their looks or status-in order to feel good about themselves. Inevitably they will do everything they can to preserve this false mask, but they will do very little to enhance their inner value and personal growth So be yourself. Don't engage in a personal cover-up of areas that are unpleasing in your life gh times never last but tough people do, as robert Schuller says. In other words, face reality and be mature in your responses to life's challenges Part Ill( Para. 14) Idea: My experiences with the online course helped me reap the benefits of hard work Devices for developing it: Induction(归纳法) Paragraph14 Self-respect and a clear conscience are powerful components of integrity and are the basis for enriching your relationships with others. Integrity means you do what you do because it is right and not just fashionable or politically correct. A life of principle, of not yielding to the tempting attractions of an easy morality, will always win the day. It will take you forward into the twenty-first century without having to check your tracks in a rear-view mirror. My randparents taught me that III. Language points I New Words demonstrate vt.1) show clearly演示,证明 You have to demonstrate how to operate the computer.你得演示一下如何使用这台计 算机 vi.2) take part in a march or meeting to protest or to make demands参加游行 示威 Some3000 angry farmers are demonstrating in the central square大约三万愤怒的农 民在中央广场举行示威 2. morality n. 1. moral values; right or wrong iE its It's not a question of morality but a question of conscience.不是道德问题,而是良心问题 2 quality, goodness德行 One's morality often reflects his conscience人的品行常常与良心连在一起 3. boundary n.1.( figuratively) limit界限;局限 the boundaries of human thought人类思想的界限 the boundaries of one' s knowledge人的知识的界限 ng line边界 The river forms the boundary between the two states这条河是两国的边界 4. convenience n.1. comfort舒适:便利 The new house has every modern convenience.这新房子具有种种现代化的便利设施。 方便 Shopping bags are provided for the customers' convenience.提供购物袋以方便顾客 5. inner a.1. unexpressed; secret内心的 The secret was locked in the inner depths of his mind.这秘密埋藏在他的内心深处 2. inside内在的;内部的
Deduction ( 演绎法） Specific argumentations: People who lack genuine core values rely on external factors — their looks or status — in order to feel good about themselves. Inevitably they will do everything they can to preserve this false mask, but they will do very little to enhance their inner value and personal growth. So be yourself. Don’t engage in a personal cover-up of areas that are unpleasing in your life. “Tough times never last but tough people do,” as Robert Schuller says. In other words, face reality and be mature in your responses to life’s challenges. Part III ( Para.14) Idea: My experiences with the online course helped me reap the benefits of hard work. Devices for developing it: Induction (归纳法) Paragraph 14 Self-respect and a clear conscience are powerful components of integrity and are the basis for enriching your relationships with others. Integrity means you do what you do because it is right and not just fashionable or politically correct. A life of principle, of not yielding to the tempting attractions of an easy morality, will always win the day. It will take you forward into the twenty-first century without having to check your tracks in a rear-view mirror. My grandparents taught me that III. Language points I New Words 1. demonstrate vt. 1) show clearly 演示，证明 You have to demonstrate how to operate the computer. 你得演示一下如何使用这台计 算机 vi. 2) take part in a march or meeting to protest or to make demands 参加游行； 示威 Some 30,000 angry farmers are demonstrating in the central square.大约三万愤怒的农 民在中央广场举行示威。 2. morality n. 1. moral values; right or wrong 道德 It's not a question of morality but a question of conscience. 不是道德问题，而是良心问题。 2.quality; goodness 德行 One's morality often reflects his conscience.人的品行常常与良心连在一起。 3. boundary n. 1. (figuratively) limit 界限；局限 the boundaries of human thought 人类思想的界限 the boundaries of one's knowledge 人的知识的界限 2. dividing line 边界 The river forms the boundary between the two states.这条河是两国的边界。 4. convenience n. 1. comfort 舒适；便利 The new house has every modern convenience. 这新房子具有种种现代化的便利设施。 2. usefulness 方便 Shopping bags are provided for the customers' convenience. 提供购物袋以方便顾客。 5. inner a. 1. unexpressed; secret 内心的 The secret was locked in the inner depths of his mind. 这秘密埋藏在他的内心深处。 2. inside 内在的；内部的
a closet is usually an inner room壁橱通常是一个墙内的房间 a group of children were lost in the inner part of the forest.一群孩子在森林深处迷失了方 6. apply v.l. give or have an effect; use for a purpose(使)产生作用,适用于;运用 The rules of safe driving apply to everyone.安全驾驶的规则适用于每一个人。 He knows the rule but does not know how to apply it to his work.他知道这条规则,但不知道 如何将它运用到工作中去 2. request officially申请 She is applying for a job as secretary.她正申请做秘书工作。 3. cause to work hard, devote致力于 The reason for his failure in the exam is that he didn,'t apply himself to his study.他考试不及 格的原因是学习不用功 7. consist v.(of) be made up of由组成 The textbook consists of ten units.这本教科书由10个单元组成 8. ensure vt.l. make sure or certain确保 Come early to ensure getting a good seat早些来,以确保有个好座位 he novel ensured his name as a great writer.这部小说使他获得了大作家的美誉。 2. make sure of getting; secure担保 A letter of introduction will ensure you an interview.一封介绍信可以使你得到面试的机会 This medicine will ensure you a good nights sleep.这药可保你睡个好觉 9. assure vt.1. tell positively or confidently郑重告知 I assure you that this medicine cannot harm you.我郑重告诉你,这药对你无害 2.make( oneself) sure or certain; convince使确信 Before going to bed she assured herself that the door was locked.睡觉前,她确保自己已把门 锁上了 10. protest v.1. make complaint, object反对;抗议 They protested about the bad food at the hotel.他们抗议旅馆里的食物质量太差。 There was a large crowd in the square, protesting against the war.广场上聚集了一大群人,他 们是在抗议那场战争。 2. declare seriously 宣称 We urged her to come to the party with us, but she protested that she was too tired.我们力劝她 和我们一道去参加晚会,但她说自己累了 n.1. a statement that declines or objects抗议 If everyone refused to buy meat in protest, the shops would have to bring their meat prices down如果大家都拒绝购买肉类以示抗议,商店就得将肉类价格降下来 2. a serious statement宣称 The charged man was judged guilty despite his protest of not being at fault.尽管那个被指控 的男子宣称自己无辜,他还是被判有罪。 让与 He conceded us the right to walk through his land.他向我们做出了让步,同意我们在他的地 2 admit as true, often unwillingly承认 The government conceded defeat as soon as the election results were known.选举结果一公 布,政府就承认失败了
A closet is usually an inner room.壁橱通常是一个墙内的房间。 A group of children were lost in the inner part of the forest. 一群孩子在森林深处迷失了方 向。 6. apply v. 1. give or have an effect; use for a purpose（使）产生作用, 适用于; 运用 The rules of safe driving apply to everyone. 安全驾驶的规则适用于每一个人。 He knows the rule but does not know how to apply it to his work. 他知道这条规则，但不知道 如何将它运用到工作中去。 2. request officially 申请 She is applying for a job as secretary. 她正申请做秘书工作。 3. cause to work hard; devote 致力于 The reason for his failure in the exam is that he didn't apply himself to his study. 他考试不及 格的原因是学习不用功。 7. consist vi. (of) be made up of 由...... 组成 The textbook consists of ten units. 这本教科书由 10 个单元组成. 8. ensure vt. 1. make sure or certain 确保 Come early to ensure getting a good seat. 早些来，以确保有个好座位。 The novel ensured his name as a great writer. 这部小说使他获得了大作家的美誉。 2. make sure of getting; secure 担保 A letter of introduction will ensure you an interview. 一封介绍信可以使你得到面试的机会。 This medicine will ensure you a good night's sleep. 这药可保你睡个好觉 9. assure vt. 1. tell positively or confidently 郑重告知 I assure you that this medicine cannot harm you. 我郑重告诉你，这药对你无害。 2. make (oneself) sure or certain; convince 使确信 Before going to bed she assured herself that the door was locked. 睡觉前，她确保自己已把门 锁上了。 10. protest v. 1. make complaint, object 反对；抗议 They protested about the bad food at the hotel. 他们抗议旅馆里的食物质量太差。 There was a large crowd in the square, protesting against the war. 广场上聚集了一大群人，他 们是在抗议那场战争。 2. declare seriously 宣称 We urged her to come to the party with us, but she protested that she was too tired. 我们力劝她 和我们一道去参加晚会，但她说自己累了。 n. 1. a statement that declines or objects 抗议 If everyone refused to buy meat in protest, the shops would have to bring their meat prices down.如果大家都拒绝购买肉类以示抗议，商店就得将肉类价格降下来。 2. a serious statement 宣称 The charged man was judged guilty despite his protest of not being at fault. 尽管那个被指控 的男子宣称自己无辜，他还是被判有罪。 11. concede v. 1. yield 让与 He conceded us the right to walk through his land. 他向我们做出了让步，同意我们在他的地 盘上通过。 2. admit as true, often unwillingly 承认 The government conceded defeat as soon as the election results were known. 选举结果一公 布，政府就承认失败了
I'm willing to concede that a larger car would have cost more, but I still think we should have bought one.我承认大轿车花费高,但我仍认为我们该买一辆 12. clarify vt. make clear, explain弄清楚;解释 Thank you for writing and allowing me to clarify the present position.感谢你给我写信并让我 解释目前的处境。 13. appoint vt choose(someone)for a job, etc. lEAa They appointed him as chairman.他们任命他为主席 They appointed him(tobe) chairman.他们任命他为主席 14. progressive a.1. moving forward continuously or by stages连续的;一步一步的 We see the progressive development of the city with our own eyes.我们亲眼看到这座城市在 步步地发展。 2. improving or changing according to new ideas进步的;先进的 This is a progressive firm that uses the most modern methods of operation in its business. ikx 公司很先进,采用了最为现代的经营方法。 15. progressively ad. in a way of going from one to the next; step by step in sequence; bit by bit Her homework became progressively worse.她的家庭作业一次比一次差。 The amount of the loan from the bank was progressively reduced.银行的贷款一次比一次少。 16. external a.1.( figurative) easily seen but not essential; on the surface外在的;表面的 Judged by his external appearances he was a quiet man, but he had a violent temper. mNt 看,他是个文静的人,但实际上他脾气很暴躁。 2. outside外部的:外面的 an external wound外伤 The medicine is for external use, not to drink.这药是外用的,不可内服 17. inevitable a. which cannot be prevented from happening不可避免的 An angry exchange was inevitable because they hated each other so much.他们很不喜欢对 方,因此争吵不可避免 l8. preserve vt1.keep; protect保存;保护 We need to preserve the forest.我们需要保护这片森林。 I hope that fate may preserve you from all harm.我祈祷命运保佑你平安 2 store储存 preserved eggs皮蛋 preserved fruit果脯 19. mask n. a covering for the face, to hide or protect it面具;面罩 Each motorcycle driver has to wear a mask.每个摩托车驾驶员都得戴面罩 Vt.1. put a mask over戴面具 The bank robbers masked their faces.银行抢劫犯戴了面具 2.hide掩盖 She tried to mask her feelings.她试图掩盖自己的感情。 A thick cloud masked the sun.厚厚的云层遮住了太阳 20. tough a.l.hard; difficult很难的 These days are very tough.这些日子很苦。 The tough problem is how to raise the money needed.难题是如何筹集所需要的钱款。 2. strong结实的;有力的 He is very tough and can carry this huge rock easily他力气很大,能轻易地抓起这块大石头
I'm willing to concede that a larger car would have cost more, but I still think we should have bought one. 我承认大轿车花费高，但我仍认为我们该买一辆。 12. clarify vt. make clear; explain 弄清楚；解释 Thank you for writing and allowing me to clarify the present position. 感谢你给我写信并让我 解释目前的处境。 13. appoint vt. choose (someone) for a job, etc. 任命 They appointed him as chairman. 他们任命他为主席。 They appointed him (to be) chairman. 他们任命他为主席。 14. progressive a. 1. moving forward continuously or by stages 连续的；一步一步的 We see the progressive development of the city with our own eyes.我们亲眼看到这座城市在 一步步地发展。 2. improving or changing according to new ideas 进步的；先进的 This is a progressive firm that uses the most modern methods of operation in its business. 这家 公司很先进，采用了最为现代的经营方法。 15. progressively ad. in a way of going from one to the next; step by step in sequence; bit by bit 逐步；逐渐 Her homework became progressively worse. 她的家庭作业一次比一次差。 The amount of the loan from the bank was progressively reduced. 银行的贷款一次比一次少。 16. external a. 1. (figurative) easily seen but not essential; on the surface 外在的；表面的 Judged by his external appearances he was a quiet man, but he had a violent temper. 从外表 看，他是个文静的人，但实际上他脾气很暴躁。 2. outside 外部的；外面的 an external wound 外伤 The medicine is for external use, not to drink. 这药是外用的，不可内服。 17. inevitable a. which cannot be prevented from happening 不可避免的 An angry exchange was inevitable because they hated each other so much. 他们很不喜欢对 方，因此争吵不可避免。 18. preserve vt. 1. keep; protect 保存；保护 We need to preserve the forest. 我们需要保护这片森林。 I hope that fate may preserve you from all harm. 我祈祷命运保佑你平安。 2. store 储存 preserved eggs 皮蛋 preserved fruit 果脯 19. mask n. a covering for the face, to hide or protect it 面具；面罩 Each motorcycle driver has to wear a mask. 每个摩托车驾驶员都得戴面罩。 Vt. 1. put a mask over 戴面具 The bank robbers masked their faces. 银行抢劫犯戴了面具。 2. hide 掩盖 She tried to mask her feelings. 她试图掩盖自己的感情。 A thick cloud masked the sun. 厚厚的云层遮住了太阳。 20. tough a. 1. hard; difficult 很难的 These days are very tough. 这些日子很苦。 The tough problem is how to raise the money needed. 难题是如何筹集所需要的钱款。 2. strong 结实的；有力的 He is very tough and can carry this huge rock easily.他力气很大，能轻易地抓起这块大石头