How to define commonsense knowledge? Liu& singh, 2004) While to the average person the term commonsense' is regarded as synonymous with good judgement the al community it is used in a technical sense to refer to the millions of basic facts and understandings possessed by most people Such knowledge is typically omitted from social communications e., If you forget someone's birthday they may be unhappy with you H Liu and P Singh, ConceptNet- a practical commonsense reasoning tool-kit, BTT, 2004
How to define commonsense knowledge? (Liu & Singh, 2004) • “While to the average person the term ‘commonsense’ is regarded as synonymous with ‘good judgement’, ” • “the AI community it is used in a technical sense to refer to the millions of basic facts and understandings possessed by most people.” • “Such knowledge is typically omitted from social communications”, e.g., • If you forget someone’s birthday, they may be unhappy with you. H Liu and P Singh, ConceptNet- a practical commonsense reasoning tool-kit, BTTJ, 2004 6
How to collect commonsense knowledge ConceptNet5 Speer and havas 2012 Core is from Open mind Common Sense(OMCS)(liu& Singh, 2004 in house clock wake bed early moming breakfast stomach newspape coffee chew food Essentially a crowdsourcing based approach text mining
How to collect commonsense knowledge? • ConceptNet5 (Speer and Havasi, 2012) • Core is from Open Mind Common Sense (OMCS) (Liu & Singh, 2004) • Essentially a crowdsourcing based approach + text mining 7
Madeof LocationOf Effectof M CAUS SPATIAL Knowledge in ConceptNet parto Desireof GS Subeventof subevent o Thing ISA EVENTEgnto u Spatial First. Location Subevent of · Events UsedFor CapableOf Causal Affective Functional AGENTS CapableOf e Agents ReceivingAction
• Knowledge in ConceptNet • Things • Spatial • Location • Events • Causal • Affective • Functional • Agents 8
Comparison Database content Resource Capabilities Scales ConceptNet Commonsense OMCS (from Contextual inference 1.6 million relations (20020W) e among 300.000 nodes (automatic) 2004noW2017)21 million edges over 8 million nodes(1.5 million are English) WordNet Semantic Lexicon Expert Lexical categorization 200,000 word senses mant word-similarity Cyc Commonsense Expe Formalized logical 1.6 million facts with (19410 manual reasoning 118000 concepts 2004;now(2019)20 million facts with 1.5 million concepts Slides credit: Haixun Wang
Comparison Database content Resource Capabilities Scales ConceptNet (2002-now) Commonsense OMCS (from the public) (automatic) Contextual inference 1.6 million relations among 300,000 nodes (2004); now (2017) 21 million edges over 8 million nodes (1.5 million are English) WordNet (1985) Semantic Lexicon Expert (manual) Lexical categorization & word-similarity 200,000 word senses Cyc (1984-now) Commonsense Expert (manual) Formalized logical reasoning 1.6 million facts with 118,000 concepts (2004); now (2019) 20 million facts with 1.5 million concepts Slides credit: Haixun Wang 9
The scale A founder of al, marvin Minsky, once estimated that commonsense is knowing maybe 30 or 60 million things about the world and having them represented so that when something happens, you can make analogies with others'. Liu& Singh, 2004) H Liu and P Singh, ConceptNet- a practical commonsense reasoning tool-kit, BTT, 2004
The Scale • “A founder of AI, Marvin Minsky, once estimated that ‘...commonsense is knowing maybe 30 or 60 million things about the world and having them represented so that when something happens, you can make analogies with others’.” (Liu & Singh, 2004) H Liu and P Singh, ConceptNet- a practical commonsense reasoning tool-kit, BTTJ, 2004 10