Perpetual-motion machine of the first kind 汽轮机 电加热器 net 发电机 凝汽器 给水泵 cout
Q Perpetual –motion machine of the first kind 锅 炉 汽轮机 发电机 给水泵 凝 汽 器 Wnet Qout 电 加 热 器
§3.1系统的宏观和微观储存能 Macroscopic and microscopic energy of system energy is a property of every system It is denoted as e for a system, or e for a system with a unit mass. E= internal energy t kinetic energy potential energy 1热力学能U Microscopic energy-----Internal energy U 热力学能指系统所有微观形式的能量之和 Internal energy is defined as the sum of all the microscopic forms of energy of a system
§3.1系统的宏观和微观储存能 Macroscopic and microscopic energy of system Energy is a property of every system. It is denoted as E for a system, or e for a system with a unit mass. E = internal energy + kinetic energy + potential energy 1.热力学能U Microscopic energy-----Internal energy U 热力学能指系统所有微观形式的能量之和. Internal energy is defined as the sum of all the microscopic forms of energy of a system
热力学能的微观组成 microscopic forms of internal energy 「移动 translation √分子动能转动 动 rotation 振动 vibration √分子位能 binding forces 热力学能化学能 nemicalenergy 核能 nuclear energ
热力学能的微观组成 分子动能 分子位能 binding forces 化学能 chemical energy 核能 nuclear energy 热力学能 microscopic forms of internal energy 移动 translation 转动 rotation 振动 vibration
(1)分子的动能和势能 Kinetic and potential energies of the molecules 热力学能=内动能+内位能 T T u is a function of the state of the system u =u(p, T),or u =u(p, v, or u= u(v,T)
（1）分子的动能和势能 Kinetic and potential energies of the molecules u is a function of the state of the system. u = u (p, T), or u = u (p, v), or u = u(v,T). 热力学能＝内动能＋内位能 T T, v
(2)理想气体热力学能的物理解释 n=f(T)理想气体n只与7有关 热力学能=内动能+内位能 T 1, 理想气体无分子间作用力,热力学能只决定于内 动能 ?如何求理想气体的热力学能u
(2)理想气体热力学能的物理解释 热力学能＝内动能＋内位能 T, v 理想气体无分子间作用力，热力学能只决定于内 动能 ? 如何求理想气体的热力学能 u u f T = ( ) T 理想气体u只与T有关