化工原理 Principles of Chemical Engineering 多学时课堂教学) 序言 PREFACE 在开始上课之前,先向你们提一个问题。专科生与本科生的差异何在?这里引 用一位教育学教授的话来回答这个问题。专科教育以应用为目的,在理论学习上 以够用为度;而本科教育重在培养学生的理论体系 下面通过一个与本门课程有关的例子来说明理论的重要性。这种现象叫虹吸。 大家都知道水往低处流,但在虹吸中水先往高处流,越过一个高点后才往低处流。 这只有用流体动力学的理论才能作出解释。 这个例子说明,我们感觉到了的事物,不能立刻理解它,但我们理解了的事物, 却能深刻地感觉到它。经验只能解决现象问题,理论才能解决本质问题
化 工 原 理 Principles of Chemical Engineering （多学时课堂教学） 序 言PREFACE 在开始上课之前，先向你们提一个问题。专科生与本科生的差异何在？这里引 用一位教育学教授的话来回答这个问题。专科教育以应用为目的，在理论学习上 以够用为度；而本科教育重在培养学生的理论体系。 下面通过一个与本门课程有关的例子来说明理论的重要性。这种现象叫虹吸。 大家都知道水往低处流，但在虹吸中水先往高处流，越过一个高点后才往低处流。 这只有用流体动力学的理论才能作出解释。 这个例子说明，我们感觉到了的事物，不能立刻理解它，但我们理解了的事物， 却能深刻地感觉到它。经验只能解决现象问题，理论才能解决本质问题
现在有少部分同学受求职压力的影响和对素质教育的误解,热衷于技能学习,去 获取各种职业资格证书,如驾驶证,电工证,会计证等,而忽视理论学习,这相 当于把对自己的要求降低到专科生甚至中专生。这对你们未来的发展将是不利的。 所以希望你们珍惜本科教育的机会,注重培养自己的理论体系,认真学好每门基础 理论课,特别是化工原理,因为这门课是化工类各专业课的基础理论课 教学计划 Teaching plan 1.课堂讲授:围绕教学大纲进行讲授,以教材为蓝本,但对教材中的内容有所增减, 自成体系。(固体流态化、蒸发、萃取、结晶、膜分离、超临界萃取不讲) Classroom lecture: Carry on the lecture around the teaching outline. The contents in the textbook are somewhat increased and decreased but my lecture is made to be a system
现在有少部分同学受求职压力的影响和对素质教育的误解，热衷于技能学习，去 获取各种职业资格证书，如驾驶证，电工证，会计证等，而忽视理论学习，这相 当于把对自己的要求降低到专科生甚至中专生。这对你们未来的发展将是不利的。 所以希望你们珍惜本科教育的机会，注重培养自己的理论体系,认真学好每门基础 理论课，特别是化工原理，因为这门课是化工类各专业课的基础理论课。 一、教学计划Teaching Plan 1. 课堂讲授：围绕教学大纲进行讲授，以教材为蓝本，但对教材中的内容有所增减， 自成体系。（固体流态化、蒸发、萃取、结晶、膜分离、超临界萃取不讲）。 Classroom lecture: Carry on the lecture around the teaching outline. The contents in the textbook are somewhat increased and decreased, but my lecture is made to be a system
2,.习题课:讲完课后安排一次习题课,通过解答以往的考题来复习所学内容及示范解题技能和技 巧。作业中的普遍性问题在作业发回时解答。 Exercise class and classroom discussion Answer the common difficult questions in the homework, train the skill of solving questions and review 实验教学:通过验证性实验来帮助学生理解所学理论。(单独设课)(安排一次理论教学、三 次实验(阻力、离心泵、传热(含仿真))和三次演示实验(雷诺、柏努利方程、流体流动 型态))(以实验安排为准) A Time arrangement of guidance and answering difficult questions 1)课间及课后 Between classes and after classes (2)考前两天 Two days before examination 5.作业 Homework (1)每章交一次,不用抄题。 Once per chapter, don'tneed to copy the exercise questions. (2)计算题求解步骤和要求(也适用于考试): Steps of solving questions and demands of calculation questions a 要写出已知条件和求解参数(不计分) Write out known conditions and unknown parameter b.一般要画出简图(不计分) In generally, draw a simple figure C.公式要推导 Formulas should be deduced d.已知数据要代入公式 Known data should be put into the formulas e.计算结果一般要保留3位小数或4位有效数字 In generally, the calculation results should be reserved three-digit decimals 6.考核 Check (1)考勤 Attendance10%(缺勤超1/3者没有考试资格) (2)作业 Homework 10%(缺作业超1/3者没有考试资格) (3)考试 Examin 80%
2. 习题课：讲完课后安排一次习题课，通过解答以往的考题来复习所学内容及示范解题技能和技 巧。作业中的普遍性问题在作业发回时解答。Exercise class and classroom discussion: Answer the common difficult questions in the homework, train the skill of solving questions and review. 3. 实验教学：通过验证性实验来帮助学生理解所学理论。（单独设课）（安排一次理论教学、三 次实验（阻力、离心泵、传热（含仿真））和三次演示实验（雷诺、柏努利方程、流体流动 型态））（以实验安排为准） 4.．辅导答疑Time arrangement of guidance and answering difficult questions (1) 课间及课后Between classes and after classes （2）考前两天Two days before examination 5． 作业Homework (1) 每章交一次，不用抄题。Once per chapter, don’t need to copy the exercise questions. (2) 计算题求解步骤和要求（也适用于考试）：Steps of solving questions and demands of calculation questions. a. 要写出已知条件和求解参数（不计分）Write out known conditions and unknown parameter b. 一般要画出简图（不计分）In generally, draw a simple figure. c. 公式要推导Formulas should be deduced d. 已知数据要代入公式Known data should be put into the formulas e. 计算结果一般要保留3位小数或4位有效数字In generally, the calculation results should be reserved three-digit decimals. 6． 考核Check (1) 考勤Attendance 10%（缺勤超1/3者没有考试资格） （2）作业Homework 10%（缺作业超1/3者没有考试资格） （3）考试Examination 80%
、本课程的特点 haracteristic of this course: It is a branch of physics, and its degree of difficulty is larger. 1.是划分工科和理科的标准,是化工类各专业课的基础理论课。 难度较大,与物理化学相 3.很重要,是停课考试科目和化工类研究生升学考试科目 四、学习要求 Study demand 1.认真听课 Listen to the lecture seriously 2.做好笔记 Take notes 3.即时复习 Review immediately 4.独立完成作业 Complete homework independent!y 5.有疑问即时问老师 Ask teacher in time if having any questions
三、本课程的特点Characteristic of This Course: It is a branch of physics, and its degree of difficulty is larger. 1．是划分工科和理科的标准，是化工类各专业课的基础理论课。 2．难度较大，与物理化学相当。 3. 很重要，是停课考试科目和化工类研究生升学考试科目 四、学习要求Study Demand 1．认真听课Listen to the lecture seriously 2．做好笔记Take notes 3．即时复习Review immediately 4．独立完成作业Complete homework independently 5. 有疑问即时问老师Ask teacher in time if having any questions
绪论 INTRODUCTION 、化工过程与单元操作 Processes of Chemical Industries and Unit Operations 化工过程(化学工业过程):由若干物理过程和若干化学过程组成的工业过程。或将原料改 王业过程 Processes of Chemical Industries, in which raw materials are changed or separated into useful products are industrial processes which are composed of a number of physical processes and chemical processes 2.单元操作:化工过程中不含化学反应或化学反应次要的物理过程 Unit Operations are physical processes in chemical industries in which there are no chemical processes, or the chemical processes are secondary. 3.化学过程:含有化学反应的过程 Chemical rocesses are the processes that comprise chemical reactions 4.化工原理:以单元操作为研究对象的一门技术科学 Principles of Chemical Engineering is a branch of chemical engineering that studies unit operations. 5.化学反应工程:以化工过程中化学过程作为研究对象的一门技术科学。 6.化学工程:研究化工过程共性规律的一门技术科学。主要由化工原理和化学反应工程两个分 支组成。(另外还有化工传递过程原理和化工热力学及化工系统工程三个分支) Chemical Engineering is an applied science that studies the common character regularity of processes of chemical industries. Chemical Engineering consists mainly of Principles of Chemical Engineering and Chemical Reaction Engineering. In addition it also includes Principles of Transfer Processes in Chemical Industries, Thermodynamics in Chemical Industries and System Engineering in Chemical Industries. This course covers the unit operations 7.(过程):物系状态发生变化的经过 8.(物系):作为研究对象的物质
绪 论INTRODUCTION 一、化工过程与单元操作Processes of Chemical Industries and Unit Operations 1. 化工过程（化学工业过程）：由若干物理过程和若干化学过程组成的工业过程。或将原料改 变或分离成有用产品的工业过程。 Processes of Chemical Industries, in which raw materials are changed or separated into useful products, are industrial processes which are composed of a number of physical processes and chemical processes. 2．单元操作：化工过程中不含化学反应或化学反应次要的物理过程 Unit Operations are physical processes in chemical industries in which there are no chemical processes, or the chemical processes are secondary. 3．化学过程：含有化学反应的过程 Chemical Processes are the processes that comprise chemical reactions. 4．化工原理：以单元操作为研究对象的一门技术科学。 Principles of Chemical Engineering is a branch of chemical engineering that studies unit operations. 5．化学反应工程：以化工过程中化学过程作为研究对象的一门技术科学。 6. 化学工程：研究化工过程共性规律的一门技术科学。主要由化工原理和化学反应工程两个分 支组成。（另外还有化工传递过程原理和化工热力学及化工系统工程三个分支） Chemical Engineering is an applied science that studies the common character regularity of processes of chemical industries. Chemical Engineering consists mainly of Principles of Chemical Engineering and Chemical Reaction Engineering. In addition, it also includes Principles of Transfer Processes in Chemical Industries, Thermodynamics in Chemical Industries and System Engineering in Chemical Industries. This course covers the unit operations. 7. （过程）：物系状态发生变化的经过 8. （物系）：作为研究对象的物质