Weak Bases H3(a)+H2Oo÷NH 4(ag)t Oh- (aq) I NH4][OH-] b I NH3] K is called the base dissociation constant
Weak Bases NH3(aq) + H 2 O(l) ⇄ NH 4 + (aq) + OH − (aq) K b = [ NH 4 + ] [ OH − ] [ NH 3 ] K b is called the basedissociation constant
Ka and Kb for Conjugate Acid/Base HC2H3O2+H2o 2 H3O+ C2H3O2 [H3O+1[C2H3021 [ HC2H3O21 Cho+ho2 Hcho oh [HC2H302][OH-] [C2H302]
HC2H3O2 + H2O ⇄ H3O+ + C2H3O2− C2H3O2− + H2O ⇄ HC2H3O2 + OH− Ka = [ H3O+ ] [ C2H3O2− ] [ HC2H3O2] Kb = [ HC2H3O2 ] [ OH− ] [ C2H3O2− ] Ka and Kb for Conjugate Acid/Base
[ H3OI[C2H3O2] [HC2H3o2][ OH-1 b [HC2H302] [c2H32 Ka°Kb=[H3O][oH K·K=K The stronger an acid the weaker its conjugate base The weaker an acid the stronger its conjugate base
[ H3O+ ] [ C2H3O2− ] [ HC2H3O2] [ HC2H3O2 ] [ OH− ] [ C2H3O2− ] Ka Kb = Ka Kb = [ H3O+ ] [ OH− ] Ka Kb = Kw The stronger an acid, the weaker its conjugate base. The weaker an acid, the stronger its conjugate base
Strength of Acids and Bases ACID BASE 100% H2SO4 HSO,2 HNO H3o(aq) H2O HSO4 SO4 H2PO4 F HC2H3O2 C2H3O2 HCO3当 3 H2S HS HOPC NH3 HCO3 HPO4 PO 3 HO H CH C
Strength of Acids and Bases
水的“拉平效应” HX+H2O→H3O++X 非水溶剂的“区分效应” HCI HAc h,Act+ CI 酸强度的递减顺序: HCIO4 >HI >HBr > HCI > HNO3
水的 “拉平效应” HX + H2O → H3O+ + X- 非水溶剂的 “区分效应” HCl + HAc H2Ac+ + Cl- 酸强度的递减顺序： HClO4 > HI > HBr > HCl > HNO3