水溶液中的质子传递反应: 酸1十碱2酸2+碱1 HAc+H2O社HO+AC酸的电离反应 NH4+H2O过H3O++NH3 H2O+NH3NH4+OH碱的电离反应 H20 Act HAc OH H3O++OH E H,O+H,0 H3O+Ac→HAc+H2O酸碱中和反应 NH4+OH过H2O+NH3
水溶液中的质子传递反应： 酸 1 + 碱 2 酸 2 + 碱 1 HAc + H 2O H 3 O + + AcNH 4 + + H 2O H 3 O + + NH 3 H 2O + NH 3 NH 4 + + OHH 2O + Ac- HAc + OHH 3 O+ + OH- H 2O + H 2 O H 3 O + + Ac- HAc + H 2 O NH 4 + + OH- H 2O + NH 3 酸的电离反应 酸碱中和反应 碱的电离反应
非水溶剂中的质子传递 HI Ch3oh F I+ CH3oH2 酸 碱2 碱 酸 HBr hac Br hbac 酸 碱 碱 酸 ★酸碱电子理论( Lewis酸碱理论,1923) 能够接受电子对的物质是酸,例:AlCl3、BF3、 Cu2+、Fe3。能够给出电子对的物质是碱,例: NH3、H2O。扩大了酸的概念。 酸碱反应的实质:碱性物质提供电子对与酸性物质 形成配位共价键
非水溶剂中的质子传递： HI + CH 3OH I - + CH 3OH 2 + 酸 1 碱 2 碱 1 酸 2 HBr + HAc Br- + H 2Ac + 酸 1 碱 2 碱 1 酸 2 Ì 酸碱电子理论（Lewis酸碱理论, 1923 ） 能够接受电子对的物质是酸，例：AlCl 3 、BF 3 、 Cu2+ 、Fe3+。能够给出电子对的物质是碱，例： NH 3 、 H 2 O。扩大了酸的概念。 酸碱反应的实质：碱性物质提供电子对与酸性物质 形成配位共价键
Autoionization e Autoionization is the transfer of a proton from one molecule to another of the same substance 2H2O￠H2Ot+OH HO+ is equivalent H2O之H+OH to h+ 2NH22 NH4+ NH2
Autoionization Autoionization is the transfer of a proton from one molecule to another of the same substance. 2 H 2O ⇄ H 3 O + + OH − H 2O ⇄ H + + OH − H 3 O + is equivalent to H + 2 NH 3 ⇄ NH 4 + + NH 2 −
Equilibrium Constant, K 2H2O之H2O++OH Kw=[H3O+OH I Kw is called the ion-product constant (or the dissociation constant)for water The value of K is 1.0x 10-14 at 25C The low value indicates that the reactants are favored
Equilibrium Constant, K w 2H 2O ⇄ H 3 O + + OH − K w = [ H 3 O + ][ OH − ] • K w is called the ion-product constant (or the dissociation constant) for water. • The value of K w is 1.0 x 10-14 at 25 °C. • The low value indicates that the reactants are favored
Aqueous Solutions o In NEUTRAL solutions, H3O*]=[ OH e In ACIDIC solutionS, [H3O+]>[OH I o In BASIC solutions, H3O*]<[OH I What is the H3O+]in pure water at 25C? Kw=[H3O+IOH]=1.0×1014 [H」3O+][H3O+1=1.0×1014 [H3O+]=1.0×107
Aqueous Solutions In NEUTRAL solutions, [ H 3 O + ] = [ OH − ] In ACIDIC solutions, [ H 3 O + ] > [ OH − ] In BASIC solutions, [ H 3 O + ] < [ OH − ] What is the [ H 3 O + ] in pure water at 25 °C? K w = [ H 3 O + ][ OH − ] = 1.0 x 10-14 [ H 3 O + ] [ H 3 O + ]= 1.0 x 10-14 [ H 3 O + ] = 1.0 x 10-7