1.1 Basic Elements(2/2) CPU Main Memory PC MAR Bus Instruction Instruction Instruction IR MBR VOAR Data Execution unit I/O BR Data Data Data IO Module PC Program counter Butters IR gis MAR Memory address register MBR Memory buffer register I/O AR= Input/output address register I/O BR= Input/output buffer register
1.1 Basic Elements(2/2) 6
Chapterol Computer system overview ·1.0 Intro ·1.1 Basic elements 1.2 Processor Registers 1.3 In struction execution 1.4 Interrupts 1.5 The memory hierarchy ·1.6 Cache Memory 1.7I0 Communication Techniques 1. 8 Evolution of Microprocessor
Chapter01 Computer System Overview • 1.0 Intro • 1.1 Basic Elements • 1.2 Processor Registers • 1.3 Instruction Execution • 1.4 Interrupts • 1.5 The Memory Hierarchy • 1.6 Cache Memory • 1.7 I/O Communication Techniques • 1.8 Evolution of Microprocessor 7
1.2 Processor Registers (1/4) What is registers Memory inside CPu . why Registers Enable CPu to minimize main-memory references Can be classified into User-visib| e registers(用户可见寄存器) Control and status registers(控制和状态寄存器)
1.2 Processor Registers(1/4) • What is Registers • Memory inside CPU • Why Registers • Enable CPU to minimize main-memory references • Can be classified into: • User-visible registers(用户可见寄存器) • Control and status registers(控制和状态寄存器) 8
1.2 Processor Registers (2/4) User-Visible registers How to use: May be referenced(访问/存取) by machine assemble language .Who will use: Available to all programs application programs system programs int fO register intⅰ=0 for(int X=0×<100000×X++) i++;
1.2 Processor Registers(2/4) • User-Visible Registers • How to use：May be referenced（访问/存取） by machine/assemble language • Who will use：Available to all programs • application programs • system programs int f() { register int i=0; for(int x=0;x<100000;x++) i++; 9
1.2 Processor Registers(3/4) Control and status registers Function: are used to control the operation of the processor Most are not visible to the user Some may be accessibly by machine nstruction in control or system mode
1.2 Processor Registers(3/4) • Control and Status Registers • Function：are used to control the operation of the processor • Most are not visible to the user. • Some may be accessibly by machine instruction in control or system mode 10