13 APPLIED ELECTRICITY Conductors and insulators Electric current and batteries Physics in our world: Electric cars 271 The frontiers of physics: Electric dentists Simple electric circuits Resistor combinations Electrical energy and power emiconductors 14 ELECTROMAGNETISM The discovery of magnets The magnetic field Physics in our world: Magneto-optical drives Electric currents and magnetism moving charge in a magnetic field Particle accelerators Magnetism of the earth Physics in our world: Avian magnetic navigatio The source of magnetism Faradays law of induction Motors and generators Maxwells equations Physics in our world: Microwave ovens PART 6: WAVES 15 WAVE MOTION The nature of waves The principle perposition Resonance and chaos The frontiers of physics: Chaos in the brain 337 16 SOUND The speed of sound 343 Physics in our world: Telephone tones Intensity of sound waves
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SUPERSTRINGS AND OTHER THINGS The sound of music Musical instruments The Shockwaves Ultrasound 17 OPTICS 370 Reflection of light Reflection from mirror Curved mirrors Refraction of light The frontiers of physics: Gradient-index lenses Total internal reflection Optical instruments The human eye The frontiers of physics: Artificial vision 1 8 THE NATURE OF LIGHT The The speed of light The electromagnetic spectrum Color 417 421 Polarization 425 Physics in our world: Compact disc player 435 PaRT 7: MODERN PHYSICS 19 THE SPECIAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY 441 Galilean relati The Michelson-Morley experiment Einsteins postulates Time dilation The frontiers of physics: Intergalactic travel Length contraction
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Addition of velocities 20 THE GENERAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY 469 The principle of equivalence The bending of light The perihelion of Mercury The gravitational time dilation The frontiers of physics: Orbiting clocks The frontiers of physics: Spacetime drag 94 21 THE EARLY ATOMIC THEORY The physics of the atom Black body radiation The photoelectric effect The bohr model of the atom revisited Physics in our world: Using photons to detect tumors De broglie waves antum mechanics 22 QUANTUM MECHANICS The beginnings of quantum mechanics 511 The new mechanics of the atom 51 Wave mechanics Pioneers of physics: Schradinger's inspired &u Heisenbergs uncertainty principle The new physics The frontiers of physics: Knowledge and certainty Physics in our world: Electron microscopes The frontiers of physics: Quantum teleportation 23 NUCLEAR PHYSICS 532 Bevond the atom Radioactivity Nuclear reactions Nuclear energy: Fission and fusion Applications of nuclear physics Pioneers of physics: Enrico Fermi (1901-1954 Physics in our world: Proton beams for cancer therapy
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SUPERSTRINGS AND OTHER THINGS 24 ELEMENTARY PARTICLES Antimatter The fundamental forces 555 Exchange forces Particle classification: Hadrons and leptons Strange particles Quark Pioneers of physics: Gell-Mann's quark Particles with charm 25 SUPERFORCE: EINSTEIN'S DREAM 571 Global and local symmetries The electroweak unification The color force GUTs. the third unification The creation of the universe The first moments of the universe The frontiers of physics: The cosmic background explorer 594 Appendix A POWERS OF TEN Appendix B THE ELEMENTS AppendixC NOBEL PRIZE WINNERS IN PHYSICS Appendix D PHYSICS TIME-LINE Glo Inde XIV
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PREFACE As a research scientist at NASA Kennedy Space Center working on planetary exploration, I am very fortunate to be able to experi ence first hand the excitement of discovery. As a physicist, it is not surprising that I find science in general and physics in particular captivating. I have written this book to try to convey my excite- ment and fascination with physics to those who are curious about nature and who would like to get a feeling for the thrills that scientists experience at the moment of discovery The advances in physics that have taken place during the twentieth century have been astounding. One hundred years ago, Max Planck and Albert Einstein introduced the concept of the quantum of energy that made possible the development of quantum mecha panics. This revolutionary theory opened the doors for the breathtaking pace of innovation and discovery that we have witnessed during the last fifty years At the beginning of the new century, physics continues its inexorable pace toward new discoveries. An exciting new theory might give us the"theory of everything, the unification of all the forces of nature into one single force which would reveal to us how the universe began and perhaps how it will end Although these exciting new theories are highly mathemati cal, their conceptual foundations are not difficult to understand As a college professor for many years, I had the occasion to teach physics to nonscience students and to give public lectures on physics topics. In those lectures and presentations, I kept the mathematics to a minimum and concentrated on the concepts The idea for this book grew out of those experiences This book is intended for the informed reader who is inter- ested in learning about physics. It is also useful to scientists in other disciplines and to professionals in non-scientific fields The book takes the reader from the basic introductory concepts
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