Volumes of solid. water and air. the soil model masses volumes Air Mw=Srew water / /w=sv,=e =wG Solid +-"> Ms= Gsr specific V=1 gravity Gs The soil model is given dimensional values for the solid, water and air components: Total volume Ⅴ=Vs+Ⅴw+Va
Volumes of solid, water and air: the soil model The soil model is given dimensional values for the solid, water and air components: Total volume, V = Vs + Vw + Va
土壤孔隙数量 (二)容重(假比重) bulk density(pb)(BD 概念:田间自然垒结状态下单位容积土体(包括土粒和孔隙)的质 量或重量(克/厘米3或吨/米3)。曾称土壤假比重( appare specific gravity)。质量以105-10℃下烘干土计,也有人叫干容重。 M 定义式: 式中:M土壤固相质量;V土壤总容积(包括了粒间孔隙) The bulk density of a soil is the mass of dry soil per unit of"bulk"(total volume of soil or soil particles pore space) B D=mass of oven dry soil(grams) total volume of soil(cm3; =grams /cc The bulk density takes into account the total soil volume( the space occupied by the solid particles plus the space occupied by the air of the pores or pore space). To determine the mass of the soil--since air does not have any significant weight--we can just weigh the oven dry soil on a balance. The volume of the soil can be determined by pouring the soil into a graduated cylinder and measuring the volume that it occupies
一.土壤孔隙数量 (二)容重(假比重)bulk density(ρb)(BD) 概念:田间自然垒结状态下单位容积土体(包括土粒和孔隙)的质 量或重量(克/厘米3或吨/米3)。曾称土壤假比重(appare specific gravity) 。质量以105-110℃下烘干土计,也有人叫干容重。 式中:Ms土壤固相质量;Vt土壤总容积(包括了粒间孔隙) t s b V M 定义式: = The bulk density of a soil is the mass of dry soil per unit of "bulk" (total volume of soil or soil particles & pore space). B.D. = mass of oven dry soil (grams) ÷ total volume of soil (cm3;)=grams / cc The bulk density takes into account the total soil volume (the space occupied by the solid particles plus the space occupied by the air of the pores or pore space). To determine the mass of the soil--since air does not have any significant weight--we can just weigh the oven dry soil on a balance. The volume of the soil can be determined by pouring the soil into a graduated cylinder and measuring the volume that it occupies
土壤孔隙数量 湿容重 wet bulk density).Pt=Mtt=Ms+Mw/(V+WW+Va)也有 文献叫土壤总容重( total bu‖ k density).二者差别在于分子. 一般情况下都是指干容重 土壤干比容( dry specific volume)υb=1/pb.容重的倒数,直观地反 映土壤松紧度 土壤容重的影响因素: 影响土壤比重的一切因子会影响到土壤容重,但在更大程度上 影响容重因子在于土壤松紧程度.土壤容重受到外界环境因素的影 响。如降水以及一切人为活动(耕作、施肥、確溉、等农业技术 措施)。容重是土壤的一个动态性质。耕层以下相对稳定。 质地影响:砂土(1.2~1.8)>壤土>粘土(1.0~1.5) 土壤结构特征:圆聚良好的土壤小于结枸不良的土壤 土壤松紧程度:根孔、虫孔较多的容重较小。耕层小于底土。 般土壤耕层容重为1.0~1.4g/cm3 土壤容重一般是比重的一半左右
一.土壤孔隙数量 湿容重(wet bulk density). t=Mt/Vt=Ms+Mw/(Vs+Vw+Va)也有 文献叫土壤总容重(total bulk density).二者差别在于分子. 一般情况下都是指干容重. 土壤干比容(dry specific volume) b=1/b .容重的倒数,直观地反 映土壤松紧度 土壤容重的影响因素: 影响土壤比重的一切因子会影响到土壤容重,但在更大程度上, 影响容重因子在于土壤松紧程度.土壤容重受到外界环境因素的影 响。如降水以及一切人为活动(耕作、施肥、灌溉、等农业技术 措施)。容重是土壤的一个动态性质。耕层以下相对稳定。 质地影响:砂土(1.2~1.8)>壤土>粘土(1.0~1.5) 土壤结构特征:团聚良好的土壤小于结构不良的土壤 土壤松紧程度:根孔、虫孔较多的容重较小。耕层小于底土。一 般土壤耕层容重为1.0~1.4g/cm3 . 土壤容重一般是比重的一半左右
土壤孔隙数量 典型土壤容重 土壤 容重(g/cm3) 土壤 容重(g/Cm3) 泥炭 0.20~0.50 黄土 135~1.50 蓬松盐土0.80~1.00±壤碱化层150-1.70 灰化层 080~1.00土壤龟裂层1.70-1.90 黑钙土耕层「1.10~1.30灌溉后土壤结壳|1.60-1.90 沼泽土 1.10~1.30 土壤类型之间容重差异很大 The dry bulk density of most mineral soils varies from 1.00-1.80 lt may also vary due do tillage, compaction swelling, aggregation, freezing and thawing ect., and is not considered a static property at or near the soil surface. It is reasonably constant in the lower portion of the soil profile..土壤容重属于动态 性质,宅的肘空变异性很大,一般变化在1.00-180g/m3之间 Bd of common surface soils=1.1-1.4 g/cc BD of common subsoils=1.3-1.7 g/cc Acre Furrow Slice Acre)
一.土壤孔隙数量 典型土壤容重 土壤 容重(g/cm3 ) 土壤 容重(g/cm3 ) 泥炭 蓬松盐土 灰化层 黑钙土耕层 沼泽土 0.20~0.50 0.80~1.00 0.80~1.00 1.10~1.30 1.10~1.30 黄土 土壤碱化层 土壤龟裂层 灌溉后土壤结壳 1.35~1.50 1.50~1.70 1.70~1.90 1.60~1.90 土壤类型之间容重差异很大 The dry bulk density of most mineral soils varies from 1.00~1.80. It may also vary due do tillage, compaction swelling, aggregation, freezing and thawing, ect., and is not considered a static property at or near the soil surface. It is reasonably constant in the lower portion of the soil profile. 土壤容重属于动态 性质,它的时空变异性很大.一般变化在1.00~1.80 g/cm3之间. BD of common surface soils=1.1 - 1.4 g/cc • BD of common subsoils=1.3 - 1.7 g/cc Acre Furrow Slice Acre)
土壤孔隙数量 容重的意义与作用: 1.是土壤松紧程度的重要判据之 容重、孔隙度与土壤松紧程度关糸 松紧程度 容重(g/cm3) 孔度(%) 最松 <1.0 >60 松 1.0~1.14 60~56 适合 1.14~1.26 56~52 稍紧 1.26~1.30 52~50 紧实 >1.30 50 土壤松紧程度是土壤重要物理性质之一,宅直接影响到土壤肥力 状况,植物根糸的发育。过松的土壤,使之无根须难以扎稳,保水 力弱,易跑风漏墒。过紧实的土壤,通气透水性差,易产生地面径 流。微生物活性受到限制。依据作物类型适度调节很重要。一般来 说,旱作土壤耕层的土壤容重在1.1-1.38/cm3的范圆内,能通应多 种作物的生长发育的要求
一.土壤孔隙数量 容重的意义与作用: 1.是土壤松紧程度的重要判据之一 松紧程度 容重(g/cm3 ) 孔度(%) 最松 松 适合 稍紧 紧实 <1.0 1.0~1.14 1.14~1.26 1.26~1.30 >1.30 >60 60~56 56~52 52~50 <50 容重、孔隙度与土壤松紧程度关系 土壤松紧程度是土壤重要物理性质之一,它直接影响到土壤肥力 状况,植物根系的发育。过松的土壤,使之无根须难以扎稳,保水 力弱,易跑风漏墒。过紧实的土壤,通气透水性差,易产生地面径 流。微生物活性受到限制。依据作物类型适度调节很重要。一般来 说,旱作土壤耕层的土壤容重在1.1~1.3 g/cm3的范围内,能适应多 种作物的生长发育的要求