ASKING、Q THE RIGHT UESTIONS A Guide to Critical Thinking EIGHTH EDITION M. Neil Browne Stuart M. Keeley
ASKING THE RIGHT UESTIONS A Guide to Critical thinking EIGHTH EDITION M. Neil Browne Stuart M. Keeley This highly popular text helps students to bridge the gap between simply memorizing or blindly accepting information and the greater challenge of critical analysis and synthesis. It teaches them to respond to alternative points of view and develop a solid foundation for making personal choices about what to accept and what to reject While the structure of this new edition remains the same. for the sake of currency and relevance about two-thirds of the practice passages are new, as well as many of the longer illustrations and the final critical thinking case. Also, this eighth edition has been revised to emphasize the positive value of critical thinking as a means to autonomy, curiosity, reasonableness, openness, and better decisions StudentAid.ed. gov ISBN 0-13-20304- PEARSON Prentice pper Saddle River, N) 07458 www.prenhall.com/browne 9780132203043
Eighth edition Asking the right Questions QQ A Guide to critical Thinking M. Neil browne Stuart M. Keeley Bowling Green State University PEARSON Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Eighth Edition Asking the Right Questions ai ai GQ ® A Guide to Critical Thinking M. Neil Browne Stuart M. Keeley Bowling Green State University ^^^^••• H Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Browne, M. Neil,(date sking the right questions: a guide to critical thinking /M. Neil Browne, Stuart Includes index ISBN 0-13-2203049 1. Criticism. 2. Critical thinking. L. Keeley, Stuart M, 1941 Il. Title PN83.B7852007 808dc22 2005032905 Editorial Director: Leah Jewell Cover Design: Bruce Kenselaar Senior Acquisitions Editor: Brad Potthoff Cover Illustration /Photo: Jan Tove Johansson/ Editorial Assistant: Tara Culliney Taxi/ Getty Image Senior Marketing Manager: windley morley anager, Cover Visual Research Permissions Marketing Assistant: Kara Pottle Karen sanatar Assistant Manufacturing Manage ann Composition/ Full- Service Project Management: owmya Balaraman/Integra Software Services Printer/Binder: R.R. Donnelley and Sons Art Director: Jayne Conte Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on appropriate page within text. This book was set in 10/13 New Baskerville by Integra Software Services and was printed by R.R. Donnelley and Copyright 2007, 2004, 2001, 1998, 1994 by Pearson Education, Inc, Upper Saddle River, 07458. Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission ny form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise For information regarding permission(s), write to: Rights and Permissions Departmen Pearson Prentice HallTM is a trademark of Pearson Education,, Inc Pearson is a registered trademark of Pear Prentice Hall is a registered trademark of Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Education Ltd Pearson Education North Asia Ltd Pearson educ apore, Pte. Ltd earson Educacion de mexico. S.A. de C.v. Pearson ed ada Ltd Pearson Education Malaysia, Pte. Ltd Pearson educ Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, alia ptY. Limited PEARSON Prentice ISBN口-]3-2己0304
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Browne, M. Neil, (date) Asking the right questions: a guide to critical thinking/M. Neil Browne, Stuart M. Keeley.—8th ed. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 0-13-220304-9 1. Criticism. 2. Critical thinking. I. Keeley, Stuart M., 1941 II. Title. PN83.B785 2007 808—dc22 2005032905 Editorial Director: Leah Jewell Senior Acquisitions Editor: Brad Potthoff Editorial Assistant: Tara Culliney Senior Marketing Manager: Windley Morley Marketing Assistant: Kara Pottle Production Liaison: Marianne Peters-Riordan Assistant Manufacturing Manager: Mary Ann Gloriande Art Director: Jayne Conte Cover Design: Bruce Kenselaar Cover Illustration/Photo: Jan Tove Johansson/ Taxi/Getty Images Manager, Cover Visual Research & Permissions: Karen Sanatar Composition/Full-Service Project Management: Sowmya Balaraman/Integra Software Services Printer/Binder: R.R. Donnelley and Sons Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on appropriate page within text. This book was set in 10/13 New Baskerville by Integra Software Services and was printed by R.R. Donnelley and Sons. Copyright © 2007, 2004, 2001, 1998, 1994 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458. Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission (s), write to: Rights and Permissions Department. Pearson Prentice Hall™ is a trademark of Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson® is a registered trademark of Pearson pic Prentice Hall® is a registered trademark of Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Education Ltd Pearson Education Singapore, Pte. Ltd Pearson Education Canada, Ltd Pearson Education—Japan Pearson Education Australia PTY, Limited Pearson Education North Asia Ltd Pearson Educaciôn de Mexico, SA. de C.V. Pearson Education Malaysia, Pte. Ltd Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey PEARSON Prentice Hall 10 98765432 1 ISBN D-13-2ED3DM- T
Contents erace The Benefit of Asking the right Questions 1 Introduction 1 Critical Thinking to the rescue 2 The Sponge and Panning for Gold: Alternative Thinking Styles 3 An Example of the Panning-for-Gold Approach 5 Panning for Gold: Asking Critical Questions 7 The Myth of the“ Right Answer”7 Thinking The Efficiency of Asking the Question, "Who Cares? 9 Weak-Sense and Strong-Sense Critical Thinking 10 The Satisfaction of Using the Panning-for-Gold Approach ll Out New Answers 11 Effective Communication and Critical Thinking 12 The Importance of Practice 12 The Right Questions 13 2 What Are the lssue and the conclusion? 15 Kinds of issues 16 Searching for the Issue 17 Searching for the Authors or Speaker's Conclusion 18 Clues to Discovery: How to Find the Conclusion 19 Critical Thinking and Your Own Writing and Speaking 21 Practice exercises 22 3 What Are the Reasons? 25 Reasons+ Conclusion= Argument 26 Initiating the Questioning Process 27 ords That Identify Reasons 29
Contents Preface viii 1 The Benefit of Asking the Right Questions 1 Introduction 1 Critical Thinking to the Rescue 2 The Sponge and Panning for Gold: Alternative Thinking Styles 3 An Example of the Panning-for-Gold Approach 5 Panning for Gold: Asking Critical Questions 7 The Myth of the "Right Answer" 7 Thinking and Feeling 8 The Efficiency of Asking the Question, "Who Cares?" 9 Weak-Sense and Strong-Sense Critical Thinking 10 The Satisfaction of Using the Panning-for-Gold Approach 11 Trying Out New Answers 11 Effective Communication and Critical Thinking 12 The Importance of Practice 12 The Right Questions 13 2 What Are the Issue and the Conclusion? 15 Kinds of Issues 16 Searching for the Issue 17 Searching for the Author's or Speaker's Conclusion 18 Clues to Discovery: How to Find the Conclusion 19 Critical Thinking and Your Own Writing and Speaking 21 Practice Exercises 22 3 What Are the Reasons? 25 Reasons + Conclusion = Argument 26 Initiating the Questioning Process 27 Words That Identify Reasons 29 iii