同济大学：《环境伦理学》课程教学资源（电子教案）环境伦理学讲稿 Environmental Ethics（负责人：郭茹）

Possible Reasons for Environmental Crisis Continuing population growth: More to the point,we need to be the ta con on scientists are asking. answers. Limitation of Current Solution Limitation of Current Solution Limitation of science and technology imitation of the concept of Sustainable cus on human's i ests but not Limitation of current public policy llty for the natura End-of-pipe orented .Lack of equity Case discussion ot8ngat2RtPbsemenaletatrc。gfaurent S武e8 abeter wy .Topic:How to balance development and preservation? a6on2he9rme (more details in next slide) .Style:Group Discussion .Discussion :5~10 minutes That's Whywe need .Presentation:3 minutes Environmental Ethics! 6

6 Possible Reasons for Environmental Crisis „ Continuing population growth; „ Large-scale production, large-scale consumption oriented social￾economical system „ Inequalities „ Ideology: anthropocentrism „ More to the point, we need to be especially careful in determining which questions the environmental scientists are asking. „ If the questions are limited, so too will the answers be----and so too will the policy recommendations that society adopts based on those answers. Limitation of Current Solution „ Limitation of science and technology „ Can not solve the basic issue such as how we ought to live, human’s position in the natural world, and human’s responsibility for the nature „ Limitation of current public policy „ End-of-pipe oriented „ Lack of equity Limitation of Current Solution „ Limitation of the concept of Sustainable Development „ Anthropocentrism, including future generation; „ Focus on human’s interests but not cover the issue of our responsibility for the natural Environment. Environmental problems and limitation of current solutions raise fundamental questions of environmental ethics and philosophy. Environmental Ethics helps us to find a better way to deal with them. „ Various ethical theories have played a major job in our tradition. By learning about ethical theories, we become more aware of the patterns in our ways of thinking and the assumptions reflected therein. That’s Why we need Environmental Ethics! Case discussion „ Topic: How to balance development and preservation? (more details in next slide) „ Style : Group Discussion „ Discussion : 5~10 minutes „ Presentation : 3 minutes

Background aks in the b Condusion of the.. Environmental ethics focuses on relatio nship between human being g Mi largely in i d be consistent with the p ervation of the Assignment Regarding Group .Think and discuss more about 5~6 grouDs 00 .Final name list for each group is needed words)regarding your own understanding by Friday. Any Questions? Outine Environmental Ethics 2 环境伦理学 Review What is environmental ethics .The concep Dr.GUo Ru elopment ssion Email:grlinda @gmail.c 7

7 Background ™Mineral King is a spectacular secluded valley surrounded by 12000' peaks in the heart of the southern Sierra Nevada. In 1960s, Walt Disney was chosen to invest a ski resort project in Mineral King Valley. However, Representatives of Sierra Club favored maintaining Mineral King largely in its present state and endorsed only those recreational uses that would be consistent with the preservation of the wilderness in Mineral King Valley. ™Suppose you are the residents of Mineral King Valley / President of Walt Disney / Local governor/NGO(Sierra Club), What will you do then? Conclusion „ Environmental ethics focuses on relationship between human being and nature. „ Science and technology is not enough. „ The way of thinking is more important than knowledge. Assignment „ Think and discuss more about environmental ethics topics. Each one is expected to submit a paper (1000~3000 words) regarding your own understanding of environmental ethics before Oct. 15th (Wednesday). Regarding Group „ 5~6 groups „ Final name list for each group is needed by Friday. „ Just for class discussion and presention, not for final term report. Any Questions? Environmental Ethics 2 环境伦理学 Dr. Guo Ru CESE&IESD, Tongji University Email: grlinda@gmail.com Outline „ Review „ What is environmental ethics „ The concept „ The origin and development „ Class discussion „ Summary

Review of last lecture relatio and nature .Science and technology is not ough Question .Have you discussed with your dassmates or What is Environmental Ethics What Does Ethics Mean? Environmental Ethics A discipline dealing with what is The distinction bety een a :entric good and evil,with moral duty and obligation. tal ethics assu that moral at -The Merriam Webster Dictionary,2005 hat 8

8 Review of last lecture „ Environmental ethics focuses on relationship between human being and nature. „ Science and technology is not enough. „ The way of thinking is more important than knowledge. Question „ Have you discussed with your classmates or roommates about environmental ethics? Would you like to give an example related to environmental ethics? What is Environmental Ethics What Does Ethics Mean? A discipline dealing with what is good and evil, with moral duty and obligation. ——The Merriam Webster Dictionary,2005 Environmental Ethics „ The distinction between anthropocentric and nonanthropocentric ethics is a fundamental divide within environmental ethics. „ Environmental ethics assumes that moral norms can and do govern human behavior towards the natural world. A theory of environmental ethics, then, must go on to explain what these norms are and to whom or to what humans have responsibilities

Main Focuses of Environmental Ethics Studies Question .The value and right of nature What should I live? .What kinds of normsor criteria you might use when you make d answers above and norms based on alethics issues in Differences between Traditional Ethics and Environmental Ethics ditional Ethics and Environmental Ethics Traditional Ethics mer The relat Ottped e thic a s on relat ionship betwe en hu The Origin and Development of Environmental Ethics a209Newe "Our National Parks"The sierra club(1892) 9

9 Main Focuses of Environmental Ethics Studies „ The value and right of nature different theories give different answers (Anthropocentrism, Animal Liberation/Right, Biocentrism, Ecocentrism) „ Human Morals and norms based on answers above „ Environmental ethics issues in practical life Question „ What should I live? „ What kinds of norms or criteria you might use when you make decisions? „ People is more important? Future generation is more important? Ecological balance is more important?...... Differences between Traditional Ethics and Environmental Ethics Nature’ s Instrumental value Intrinsic value value Ideology Anthropocentrism Nonanthropocentrism Out of human being, within Species, ecological system Range of Within human being moral standing Environmental crisis & movement Racial liberation, women liberation, etc. Back￾ground Traditional Ethics Environmental Ethics Traditional Ethics and Environmental Ethics „ In traditional ethics, there has few evidence/basis for environmental ethics; „ The relationship between human and nature is a independent domain. It is difficult to induce environmental ethics from traditional ethics, which is mainly focus on relationship between humans; „ Environmental ethics is a new ethics; not just an extension of traditional ethics; a revolution of human ideology. Universe Planet Ecosystem Rock Life Plant Animal Human Race Country Region Tribe Family Ego Future Now Past Before ethics The Origin and Development of Environmental Ethics Natural Resource Protection Movement in Western Countries in 19th Century „ Preservation movement (John Muir, 1838-1914 )：preserve nature because of its aesthetic value “Our National Parks”The sierra club (1892) „ Conservation movement (Gifford Pinchot, 1865-1946, utilitarian) : conserve nature because its economic value;Manage scientifically, Use wisely „ Debate on Hetch Hetchy Valley planning (1907-1913) Yosemite National Park

Social Background of the Birth of Pioneers of Environmental Ethics Bnvironmental Ethics ·ka0e老f571-471B.c“Dao follows ·e8P2 re im是8c4862 Environmental Rachel .John Muir(1838-1914)"Preservation' 971,P fessor W.Blacks %rBge28e閣Reverence of Environmenta Some Theoreticians .Bryan Norton:Weak Anthropocentrism .Peter Singer(1946-):Animal Liberation Key Points of Ethical Theory .Tom Regan(1938-):Animal Right .Paul Taylor(1923-):Respect for nature Aldo Leopold(1887-1948):Land ethics .Ame Naess(1912-):Deep ecology Discussion Key Points DDT case Moral Agents Moral Star .Topic: Who is responsible for harm caused by DDT? Style:Group Discussion Discusion-10 minutes 2minutes 10

10 Pioneers of Environmental Ethics „ Lao Zi 老子(571-471)B.C. “ Dao follows Nature” „ Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862) “Walden” or “Life in the Woods” „ John Muir (1838-1914) “Preservation” „ A. Schweizter (1875-1965) “Reverence for life” (Biocentric Ethics) Social Background of the Birth of Environmental Ethics „ Competition for Economic growth in western countries since the World War II (Nationalism) „ Environmental crisis and Environmental movement in 1960s Rachel Carson's landmark book : Silent Spring, 1962 „ 1971, Professor W. Blackstone organized a philosophy discussion on environmental issues in University of Georgia. It is the start of environmental ethics. Some Theoreticians of Environmental Ethics „ Bryan Norton: Weak Anthropocentrism „ Peter Singer (1946-):Animal Liberation „ Tom Regan (1938-): Animal Right „ Paul Taylor (1923-): Respect for nature „ Aldo Leopold (1887-1948): Land ethics „ Arne Naess (1912-): Deep ecology Key Points of Ethical Theory Key Points „ Moral Agents „ Moral Standing „ Criteria for Moral Standing The differences of theories mainly derive from moral agents and moral standing criteria. Discussion DDT case „ Topic: Who is responsible for harm caused by DDT? „ Style : Group Discussion „ Discussion : 5-10 minutes „ Presentation : 2 minutes „ Q&A: 2 minutes