One part per billion is ·1 inch in16,000 miles ·1 second in32 years ·1 cent in10,000,000 1 pinch of salt in 10 tons of potato chips 1 lob in 1,200,000 tennis matches 1 bad apple in 2,000,000 barrels of apples Mistretta USFS R-8
One part per billion is • 1 inch in 16,000 miles • 1 second in 32 years • 1 cent in $10,000,000 • 1 pinch of salt in 10 tons of potato chips • 1 lob in 1,200,000 tennis matches • 1 bad apple in 2,000,000 barrels of apples Mistretta USFS R-8
One part per trillion is 1 postage stamp in the area of the city of Dallas 1 inch in 16 million miles (more than 600 times around the earth) 1 second in 320 centuries 1 flea on 360 million elephants 1 grain of sugar in an Olympic sized pool 1 bad apple in 2 billion barrels Mistretta USFS R-8
One part per trillion is • 1 postage stamp in the area of the city of Dallas • 1 inch in 16 million miles (more than 600 times around the earth) • 1 second in 320 centuries • 1 flea on 360 million elephants • 1 grain of sugar in an Olympic sized pool • 1 bad apple in 2 billion barrels Mistretta USFS R-8
Remember For pesticides-less is more when dealing with toxicity The less you need to cause a toxic effect the more toxic the substance is Thus an LDs0 of 25 mg/kg is more toxic than is one of 7,000 mg/kg Mistretta USFS R-8
Remember – • For pesticides – less is more when dealing with toxicity • The less you need to cause a toxic effect – the more toxic the substance is • Thus an LD50 of 25 mg/kg is more toxic than is one of 7,000 mg/kg Mistretta USFS R-8
Signal Words DANGER Danger"reflects the highest degree of relative toxicity All pesticides with an LDso of less than 50 mg/kg must display this word on their label Pesticides here are classed as“highly toxic"” Mistretta USFS R-8
Signal Words DANGER “Danger” reflects the highest degree of relative toxicity All pesticides with an LD50 of less than 50 mg/kg must display this word on their label Pesticides here are classed as “highly toxic” Mistretta USFS R-8
Signal Words WARNING Warning"reflects an intermediate degree of relative toxicity All pesticides with an LDs0 of greater than 50 and less than 500 mg/kg must display this word on their label Pesticides in this category are classed as "moderately toxic” Mistretta USFS R-8
Signal Words WARNING “Warning” reflects an intermediate degree of relative toxicity All pesticides with an LD50 of greater than 50 and less than 500 mg/kg must display this word on their label Pesticides in this category are classed as “moderately toxic” Mistretta USFS R-8