l0 System Management O系统管理 ° The lo system consists of:O系统包括 a buffer-caching system缓冲区-高速缓存系统 A general device- driver interface通用设备驱动器接口 Drivers for specific hardware devices用于特定硬件设备的驱动程序 Applied Operating System Concepts 3.6
Applied Operating System Concepts 3.6 I/O System Management I/O系统管理 • The I/O system consists of: I/O 系统包括 – A buffer-caching system 缓冲区-高速缓存系统 – A general device-driver interface 通用设备驱动器接口 – Drivers for specific hardware devices 用于特定硬件设备的驱动程序
File Management 文件管理 a file is a collection of related information defined by its creator. Commonly, files represent programs(both source and object forms) and data 文件是由其创建者定义的关联信息的一个收集器,通常文件表示程序(源程 序和目标程序)和数据 The operating system is responsible for the following activities in connections with file management: E 在同文件管理有关的活动中,操作系统负责下列事务 File creation and deletion.文件创建和删除 Directory creation and deletion.目录创建和删除 Support of primitives for manipulating files and directories. 支持操作文件和目录的原语 Mapping files onto secondary storage. 把文件映象到二级存储器 File backup on stable(nonvolatile) storage media 在稳定(非易失性)存储介质做文件副本 Applied Operating System Concepts 3.7
Applied Operating System Concepts 3.7 File Management 文件管理 • A file is a collection of related information defined by its creator. Commonly, files represent programs (both source and object forms) and data. 文件是由其创建者定义的关联信息的一个收集器，通常文件表示程序（源程 序和目标程序）和数据 • The operating system is responsible for the following activities in connections with file management: 在同文件管理有关的活动中，操作系统负责下列事务： – File creation and deletion. 文件创建和删除 – Directory creation and deletion. 目录创建和删除 – Support of primitives for manipulating files and directories. 支持操作文件和目录的原语 – Mapping files onto secondary storage. 把文件映象到二级存储器 – File backup on stable (nonvolatile) storage media. 在稳定（非易失性）存储介质做文件副本
Protection System 保护系统 e Protection refers to a mechanism for controlling access by programs, processes, or users to both system and user resources 保护是一种机制,控制程序、进程、或用户对系统和用户资源的 访问 ° The protection mechanism must保护机制必须: distinguish between authorized and unauthorized usage.区分授权和非授权使用 specify the controls to be imposed.确定要采用的控制 provide a means of enforcement.提供强制手段 Applied Operating System Concepts 3.8
Applied Operating System Concepts 3.8 Protection System 保护系统 • Protection refers to a mechanism for controlling access by programs, processes, or users to both system and user resources. 保护是一种机制，控制程序、进程、或用户对系统和用户资源的 访问 • The protection mechanism must 保护机制必须: – distinguish between authorized and unauthorized usage. 区分授权和非授权使用 – specify the controls to be imposed. 确定要采用的控制 – provide a means of enforcement. 提供强制手段
Networking(Distributed Systems) 网络处理(分布式系统) A distributed system is a collection processors that do not share memory or a clock. Each processor has its own local memory 分布式系统是一组不共享存储器或时钟的处理器集合,每个处理器有自己的 内存 The processors in the system are connected through a communication network系统中的处理器通过通信网络连接 A distributed system provides user access to various system resources分布式系统提供用户访问各种系统资源的手段 Access to a shared resource allows:对共享资源的访问可以实现 Computation speed-up加速运算 ncreased data availability提高数据利用性 Enhanced reliability增强可靠性 Applied Operating System Concepts 3.9
Applied Operating System Concepts 3.9 Networking (Distributed Systems) 网络处理（分布式系统） • A distributed system is a collection processors that do not share memory or a clock. Each processor has its own local memory. 分布式系统是一组不共享存储器或时钟的处理器集合，每个处理器有自己的 内存 • The processors in the system are connected through a communication network.系统中的处理器通过通信网络连接 • A distributed system provides user access to various system resources.分布式系统提供用户访问各种系统资源的手段 • Access to a shared resource allows:对共享资源的访问可以实现： – Computation speed-up 加速运算 – Increased data availability 提高数据利用性 – Enhanced reliability 增强可靠性
Command-Interpreter System 命令解释器系统 Many commands are given to the operating system by control statements which deal with 操作系统有许多命令,可以通过控制语句处理: process creation and management进程创建和管理 O handling处理MO secondary-storage management二级存储管理 main-memory management主存管理 fle- system access文件访问 protection保护 networking网络 Applied Operating System Concepts 3.10
Applied Operating System Concepts 3.10 Command-Interpreter System 命令解释器系统 • Many commands are given to the operating system by control statements which deal with: 操作系统有许多命令，可以通过控制语句处理： – process creation and management 进程创建和管理 – I/O handling 处理I/O – secondary-storage management 二级存储管理 – main-memory management 主存管理 – file-system access 文件访问 – protection 保护 – networking 网络