1: Introduction引论 What is an operating system?什么是操作系统? ° Simple Batch Systems简单批处理系统 ° Multiprogramming Batched Systems多道程序批处理系统 Time-Sharing Systems分时系统 ° Personal-Computer Systems个人计算机系统 Parallel Systems并行系统 Distributed Systems分布式系统 Real -Time Systems实时系统 Applied Operating System Concepts 1.1
Applied Operating System Concepts 1.1 1: Introduction 引论 • What is an operating system?什么是操作系统？ • Simple Batch Systems简单批处理系统 • Multiprogramming Batched Systems多道程序批处理系统 • Time-Sharing Systems分时系统 • Personal-Computer Systems 个人计算机系统 • Parallel Systems并行系统 • Distributed Systems分布式系统 • Real -Time Systems实时系统
What is an Operating System?什么是操作系统 a program that acts as an intermediary between a user of a computer and the computer hardware 在计算机用户和计算机硬件之间起媒介作用的一种程序。 Operating system goals:操作系统目标 Execute user programs and make solving user problems easier. 执行用户程序并使用户问题更易解决。 Make the computer system convenient to use 使计算机系统更易使用。 e Use the computer hardware in an efficient manner. 以一种效率的方式使用硬件。 Applied Operating System Concepts 1.2
Applied Operating System Concepts 1.2 What is an Operating System?什么是操作系统？ • A program that acts as an intermediary between a user of a computer and the computer hardware. 在计算机用户和计算机硬件之间起媒介作用的一种程序。 • Operating system goals: 操作系统目标 – Execute user programs and make solving user problems easier. 执行用户程序并使用户问题更易解决。 – Make the computer system convenient to use. 使计算机系统更易使用。 • Use the computer hardware in an efficient manner. 以一种效率的方式使用硬件
Computer System Components计算机系统部件 1. Hardware硬件一 provides basic computing resources(cPU memory, o devices)提供基本的运算资源 the hardware among the various application programs forthoof 2 Operating system操作系统一 controls and coordinates the use varlous users在各种应用程序和用户之间控制与协调对硬件的使用 3. Applications programs应用程序 define the ways in which the system resources are used to solve the computing problems of the users(compilers, database systems, video games, business programs)定义解决用户间题的资源使用方式(编译、数据库、视频 游戏、事务程序等) 4 Users( people, machines, other computers)用户(人、机、其他计 算机) Applied Operating System Concepts 1.3
Applied Operating System Concepts 1.3 Computer System Components计算机系统部件 1. Hardware硬件 – provides basic computing resources (CPU, memory, I/O devices).提供基本的运算资源 2. Operating system操作系统 – controls and coordinates the use of the hardware among the various application programs for the various users.在各种应用程序和用户之间控制与协调对硬件的使用 3. Applications programs 应用程序– define the ways in which the system resources are used to solve the computing problems of the users (compilers, database systems, video games, business programs).定义解决用户问题的资源使用方式（编译、数据库、视频 游戏、事务程序等） 4. Users (people, machines, other computers)用户（人、机、其他计 算机）
Abstract View of System Components 系统部件的抽象观点 user user user 2 assembler text editor database system system and application programs operating system computer hardware Applied Operating System Concepts 1.4
Applied Operating System Concepts 1.4 Abstract View of System Components 系统部件的抽象观点
Operating System Definitions操作系统定义 Resource allocator资源分配者- manages and allocates resources管理和分配资源 Control program控制程序- controls the execution of user programs and operations of l/o devices控制用户程序的运行 和O设备的操作 ° Kernel内核- the one program running at all times( all else being application programs)在全时运行的一个程序(其他的是 应用) Applied Operating System Concepts 1.5
Applied Operating System Concepts 1.5 Operating System Definitions操作系统定义 • Resource allocator资源分配者– manages and allocates resources.管理和分配资源 • Control program控制程序– controls the execution of user programs and operations of I/O devices .控制用户程序的运行 和I/O设备的操作 • Kernel 内核– the one program running at all times (all else being application programs).在全时运行的一个程序（其他的是 应用）