Module 4: processes 进程 ° Process Concept 进程概念 ● Process Scheduling 进程调度 Operation on Processes 进程上的操作 e Cooperating processes 协同进程 e Interprocess Communication 进程间通信 Applied Operating System Concepts
4.1 Applied Operating System Concepts Module 4: Processes 进程 • Process Concept 进程概念 • Process Scheduling 进程调度 • Operation on Processes 进程上的操作 • Cooperating Processes 协同进程 • Interprocess Communication 进程间通信
Process Concept 进程概念 An operating system executes a variety of programs: 操作系统执行各种程序 Batch system-jobs批处理系统-作业 Time-shared systems -user programs or tasks 分时系统用户程序或任务 Textbook uses the terms job and process almost interchangeably.本书使用的名词作业和进程,基本可互换 Process-a program in execution; process execution must progress in sequential fashion. 进程-在执行中的程序;进程的执行必须以顺序方式进行 A process includes:个进程包括 program counter程序计数器 stack栈 data section数据部分 Applied Operating System Concepts
4.2 Applied Operating System Concepts Process Concept 进程概念 • An operating system executes a variety of programs: 操作系统执行各种程序 – Batch system – jobs 批处理系统 - 作业 – Time-shared systems – user programs or tasks 分时系统 - 用户程序或任务 • Textbook uses the terms job and process almost interchangeably. 本书使用的名词作业和进程，基本可互换 • Process – a program in execution; process execution must progress in sequential fashion. 进程 - 在执行中的程序；进程的执行必须以顺序方式进行 • A process includes: 一个进程包括 – program counter 程序计数器 – stack 栈 – data section 数据部分
Process state 进程状态 As a process executes, it changes state 进程执行时,改变状态 new: The process is being created. 新建:在创建进程 running: Instructions are being executed. 运行:指令在执行 waiting: The process is waiting for some event to occur 等待:进程等待某些事件发生 ready The process is waiting to be assigned to a processor. 就绪:进程等待分配处理器 terminated: The process has finished execution 终止:进程执行完毕 Applied Operating System Concepts
4.3 Applied Operating System Concepts Process State 进程状态 • As a process executes, it changes state 进程执行时，改变状态 – new: The process is being created. 新建：在创建进程 – running: Instructions are being executed. 运行：指令在执行 – waiting: The process is waiting for some event to occur. 等待：进程等待某些事件发生 – ready: The process is waiting to be assigned to a processor. 就绪：进程等待分配处理器 – terminated: The process has finished execution. 终止：进程执行完毕
Diagram of Process state 进程状态图 admitted interrupt exit terminated ready running scheduler dispatch vo or event completion vo or event wait alting Applied Operating System Concepts 4.4
4.4 Applied Operating System Concepts Diagram of Process State 进程状态图
Process Control Block(PCB) 进程控制块 Information associated with each process 同进程有关的信息 ● Process state =进程状态 ● Program counter 程序计数器 ° CPU registers CPU寄存器 CPU scheduling information CPU调度信息 Memory-management information内存管理信息 Accounting information 计账信息 e o status information O状态信息 Applied Operating System Concepts 4.5
4.5 Applied Operating System Concepts Process Control Block (PCB) 进程控制块 Information associated with each process. 同进程有关的信息 • Process state 进程状态 • Program counter 程序计数器 • CPU registers CPU寄存器 • CPU scheduling information CPU调度信息 • Memory-management information内存管理信息 • Accounting information 计账信息 • I/O status information I/O状态信息