上海交通大学：《土壤与植物营养学 Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》课程教学资源（实验示范论文）崇明东滩北部农场区土地利用适应性评价（节选版）

上游充通大 SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY 课程论文 THESIS OF CURRICULUM g后 JIAO TONG 论文题目：崇明东滩北部农场区土地利用 适应性评价 学生姓名： 毕大鹏 学生学号： 5031529040 专 业： 园林 指导教师： 周丕生 学院（系）： 农业与生物学院

SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY 课程论文 THESIS OF CURRICULUM 论文题目：崇明东滩北部农场区土地利用 适应性评价 学生姓名: 毕大鹏 学生学号: 5031529040 专 业: 园 林 指导教师: 周丕生 学院(系) : 农业与生物学院

上游充通大警 Shanghai Jiao Tong University 崇明东滩北部农场区土地利用适应性评价 崇明东滩北部农场区土地利用适应性评价 摘要 盐渍土是重要的土地资源，土壤盐渍化是影响农业生产和园林建设的关键因素。本研究 在崇明东滩北部农场区的10个样区中布置了33个样点，共采集了89个土壤样品，进行了 土壤主要理化性质及盐碱性的测试和统计分析结果表明：土壤pH偏高，碱性土壤占60.7%， 强碱性土壤高达24.7%：土壤EC值>0.7mScm1为28.09%，有的甚至高达3.885mScm; 土壤有机质含量有50.56%分布在10gkg1以下，含量>20gkg1的土壤只占1.12%；缺磷 土壤为33.33%，有效磷丰富的土壤只有12.12%：土壤速效钾含量丰富：土壤质地为轻壤土 重壤土，其中39.4%为最适宜植物生长的中壤土：土壤盐分正常（≤1gkg)的比例不大， 仅为13.48%，57.3%的土壤为轻盐化土，其次为21.35%的土壤属中盐化土，重盐化土和 盐土的绝对数量虽不多，但有的盐分已高达7.5~10.87gkg':土壤综合质量适合植物生长的 一类土壤和二类土壤占6.06%和75.76%，三类土壤占9.09%，四、五类土壤占总体的近10%， 由于质地优良、含钾丰富，可利用性和可改造性强，同时由于全盐量过高等因素的限制，是 极不适宜植物生长的土壤类型。根据土壤质量分析和评价结果，以开发和利用盐渍土为出发 点，提出了改良利用土地资源的综合措施。 关键词：崇明东滩，盐渍土，土壤理化性质，土壤改良，土壤评价

崇明东滩北部农场区土地利用适应性评价 A 崇明东滩北部农场区土地利用适应性评价 摘要 盐渍土是重要的土地资源，土壤盐渍化是影响农业生产和园林建设的关键因素。本研究 在崇明东滩北部农场区的 10 个样区中布置了 33 个样点，共采集了 89 个土壤样品，进行了 土壤主要理化性质及盐碱性的测试和统计分析。结果表明：土壤pH 偏高，碱性土壤占60.7%， 强碱性土壤高达 24.7%；土壤 EC 值>0.7 mS·cm-1 为 28.09％，有的甚至高达 3.885 mS·cm-1； 土壤有机质含量有 50.56％ 分布在 10 g·kg -1 以下，含量>20 g·kg -1的土壤只占 1.12％；缺磷 土壤为 33.33％，有效磷丰富的土壤只有 12.12％；土壤速效钾含量丰富；土壤质地为轻壤土 ~重壤土，其中 39.4％ 为最适宜植物生长的中壤土；土壤盐分正常（≤1 g·kg -1）的比例不大， 仅为 13.48%，57.3% 的土壤为轻盐化土，其次为 21.35％ 的土壤属中盐化土，重盐化土和 盐土的绝对数量虽不多，但有的盐分已高达 7.5~10.87 g·kg -1；土壤综合质量适合植物生长的 一类土壤和二类土壤占 6.06%和 75.76%，三类土壤占 9.09%，四、五类土壤占总体的近 10%， 由于质地优良、含钾丰富，可利用性和可改造性强，同时由于全盐量过高等因素的限制，是 极不适宜植物生长的土壤类型。根据土壤质量分析和评价结果，以开发和利用盐渍土为出发 点，提出了改良利用土地资源的综合措施。 关键词：崇明东滩，盐渍土，土壤理化性质，土壤改良，土壤评价

上游充通大警 Shanghai Jiao Tong University 崇明东滩北部农场区土地利用适应性评价 THE APPRAISAL OF APPLICABILITY FOR LAND UTILIZATION FROM THE NORTHERN FARM OF DONGTAN CHONGMING ABSTRACT Saline Soil is an important land resources,salinization of soil which affects agricultural production and gardens is the key factor.This study included a 33-point in those 10 plots in the northern part of the farm in Dongtan Chongming,Collecting a total of 89 soil samples,had the major physical and chemical properties of soil and salinization testing and statistical analysis.The results showed that:Soil pH was relatively high,alkaline soil accounted for 60.7%,strong alkaline soil 24.7%:Soil EC >0.7 mS-cm could be to 28.09%.some even as high as 3.885 mS.cm:Soil organic content was of 50.56%that was in 10 g-kg,>20 gkg of the soil only 1.12%;There was 33.33%of the soil lacking of phosphorus,only 12.12%of the soil was rich in available phosphorus;The soil was rich in potassium;Soil texture was light to heavy loam,39.4%of which was neutral loam soil the most suitable for plant growth;The soil ratio of normal salinity soil (<I gkg)was not high,only 13.48%,57.3%of the soil was light salinization soil,followed by 21.35%was neutral salinization soil.The absolute number of heavy salinization soil and saline soil was limited but some had been salt as high as 7.5~10.87 g-kg;From the integrated quality of the soil,class one and class two soil which were suitable for growing plants accounted for 6.06% and 75.76%,class three was for 9.09%,class four and five soil were for nearly 10%of all,because of the fine texture and rich potassium,they had strong availability and transformation,as the same time,as the high salinity and other restricted factors,they were undesirable soil types for plant growth.According to the results of soil quality analysis and evaluation,and for the development and use of saline soil as the starting point,the study raised the comprehensive measures for improving and using land resources. Key Words:Dongtan Chongming,Saline Soil,Soil Physical and Chemical Properties,Soil Improvement,Evaluation of Soil

崇明东滩北部农场区土地利用适应性评价 B THE APPRAISAL OF APPLICABILITY FOR LAND UTILIZATION FROM THE NORTHERN FARM OF DONGTAN CHONGMING ABSTRACT Saline Soil is an important land resources, salinization of soil which affects agricultural production and gardens is the key factor. This study included a 33-point in those 10 plots in the northern part of the farm in Dongtan Chongming, Collecting a total of 89 soil samples, had the major physical and chemical properties of soil and salinization testing and statistical analysis. The results showed that: Soil pH was relatively high, alkaline soil accounted for 60.7%, strong alkaline soil 24.7%; Soil EC >0.7 mS·cm-1 could be to 28.09%, some even as high as 3.885 mS·cm-1 ; Soil organic content was of 50.56% that was in 10 g·kg -1 , >20 g·kg -1 of the soil only 1.12%; There was 33.33% of the soil lacking of phosphorus, only 12.12% of the soil was rich in available phosphorus; The soil was rich in potassium; Soil texture was light to heavy loam, 39.4% of which was neutral loam soil the most suitable for plant growth; The soil ratio of normal salinity soil (≤1 g·kg -1) was not high, only 13.48%, 57.3% of the soil was light salinization soil, followed by 21.35% was neutral salinization soil, The absolute number of heavy salinization soil and saline soil was limited but some had been salt as high as 7.5~10.87 g·kg -1 ; From the integrated quality of the soil, class one and class two soil which were suitable for growing plants accounted for 6.06% and 75.76%, class three was for 9.09%, class four and five soil were for nearly 10% of all, because of the fine texture and rich potassium, they had strong availability and transformation, as the same time, as the high salinity and other restricted factors, they were undesirable soil types for plant growth. According to the results of soil quality analysis and evaluation, and for the development and use of saline soil as the starting point, the study raised the comprehensive measures for improving and using land resources. Key Words: Dongtan Chongming, Saline Soil, Soil Physical and Chemical Properties, Soil Improvement, Evaluation of Soil

上浒充通大学 Shanghai Jiao Tong University 崇明东滩北部农场区土地利用适应性评价 目录 摘要 A ABSTRACT- 8 1绪论 1.1国内外研究现状 1.2目的与意义- 2材料与方法 6 2.1供试材料… -6 2.2采样方法 6 2.3测定方法-… 6 2.3.1土壤pH 6 2.3.2土壤EC值- 6 2.3.3土壤有机质- 11 2.3.4土壤水分物理性质- 1 2.3.5土壤质地- 12 2.3.6土壤有效磷 12 2.3.7土壤速效钾 13 2.4测试质量控制与数理统计分析 3结果与分析- 14 3.1东滩北部农场区土壤化学性状的差异比较 14 31.1土壤pH值- 14 3.1.2土壤EC值- -15 3.2东滩北部农场区土壤主要养分的空间分布差异- -16 3.2.1土壤有机质- 16 3.2.2土壤有效磷 -16 3.2.3土壤速效钾 6 3.3东滩北部农场区土壤质地差异比较 16 3.3.1土壤质地分布差异- 错误！未定义书签。 3.4东滩北部农场区土壤全盐量差异比较 错误！未定义书签。 34.1土壤全盐量分布差异- 错误！未定义书签。 3.4.2不同样点及其空间中土壤全盐量的分布变化 错误！未定义书签。 3.5土壤质量综合评价 错误！未定义书签。 4结论-… ---17 4.1东滩北部农场区土壤化学性质- -17 4.2东滩北部农场区土壤养分状况 17 4.3东滩北部农场区土壤质地状况 -17 4.4东滩北部农场区土壤全盐量状况 错误！未定义书签

崇明东滩北部农场区土地利用适应性评价 I 目录 摘要----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------A ABSTRACT------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------B 1 绪论------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 1.1 国内外研究现状----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 1.2 目的与意义----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 2 材料与方法---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 2.1 供试材料-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 2.2 采样方法-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 2.3 测定方法-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 2.3.1 土壤 pH---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 2.3.2 土壤 EC 值------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 2.3.3 土壤有机质---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11 2.3.4 土壤水分-物理性质------------------------------------------------------------------------------11 2.3.5 土壤质地------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12 2.3.6 土壤有效磷----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12 2.3.7 土壤速效钾----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13 2.4 测试质量控制与数理统计分析--------------------------------------------------------------------- 13 3 结果与分析---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------14 3.1 东滩北部农场区土壤化学性状的差异比较------------------------------------------------------ 14 3.1.1 土壤 pH 值-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------14 3.1.2 土壤 EC 值-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------15 3.2 东滩北部农场区土壤主要养分的空间分布差异------------------------------------------------16 3.2.1 土壤有机质----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------16 3.2.2 土壤有效磷----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------16 3.2.3 土壤速效钾----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------16 3.3 东滩北部农场区土壤质地差异比较--------------------------------------------------------------- 16 3.3.1 土壤质地分布差异--------------------------------------------------------错误！未定义书签。 3.4 东滩北部农场区土壤全盐量差异比较-------------------------------------错误！未定义书签。 3.4.1 土壤全盐量分布差异-----------------------------------------------------错误！未定义书签。 3.4.2 不同样点及其空间中土壤全盐量的分布变化---------------------- 错误！未定义书签。 3.5 土壤质量综合评价------------------------------------------------------------- 错误！未定义书签。 4 结论------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------17 4.1 东滩北部农场区土壤化学性质----------------------------------------------------------------------17 4.2 东滩北部农场区土壤养分状况--------------------------------------------------------------------- 17 4.3 东滩北部农场区土壤质地状况--------------------------------------------------------------------- 17 4.4 东滩北部农场区土壤全盐量状况-------------------------------------------错误！未定义书签

上游充通大警 Shanghai Jiao Tong University 崇明东滩北部农场区土地利用适应性评价 4.5东滩北部农场区土壤综合质量状况 错误！未定义书签。 4.6本章小结 错误！未定义书签。 5讨论 -18 5.1盐渍化对农业生产的影响- 18 5.1.1盐渍化对耕地及土地生产力的影响及危害 8 5.12盐渍化对农作物的危害 18 5.1.3抗旱能力显著减少 18 5.2盐渍化宜农地综合防治措施 18 5.2.1水利工程措施 18 5.22农业措施- 18 5.2.3生物措施-… e 参考文献 -19 附录 -21 附图1崇明东滩区域范围图- 错误！未定义书签。 附图2崇明东滩北部农场区区域范围图 错误！未定义书签。 附图3崇明东滩北部农场区样点分布图 错误！未定义书签。 附图4崇明东滩北部农场区土壤H分布图 错误！未定义书签。 附图5崇明东滩北部农场区土壤EC分布图- 错误！未定义书签。 附图6崇明东滩北部农场区土壤O分布图 错误！未定义书签。 附图7崇明东滩北部农场区土壤A-P分布图 错误！未定义书签。 附图8崇明东滩北部农场区土壤A-K分布图 错误！未定义书签。 附图9崇明东滩北部农场区土壤质地分布图- 错误未定义书签。 附图10崇明东滩北部农场区土壤TS分布图- 错误！未定义书签。 附图11崇明东滩北部农场区土壤综合质量分布图- 错误！未定义书签。 谢辞 --22 意见和建议 -22

崇明东滩北部农场区土地利用适应性评价 II 4.5 东滩北部农场区土壤综合质量状况----------------------------------------错误！未定义书签。 4.6 本章小结------------------------------------------------------------------------- 错误！未定义书签。 5 讨论------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------18 5.1 盐渍化对农业生产的影响--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18 5.1.1 盐渍化对耕地及土地生产力的影响及危害------------------------------------------------ 18 5.1.2 盐渍化对农作物的危害-------------------------------------------------------------------------18 5.1.3 抗旱能力显著减少-------------------------------------------------------------------------------18 5.2 盐渍化宜农地综合防治措施------------------------------------------------------------------------ 18 5.2.1 水利工程措施-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------18 5.2.2 农业措施------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18 5.2.3 生物措施------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18 参考文献---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------19 附录---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------21 附图 1 崇明东滩区域范围图------------------------------------------------------错误！未定义书签。 附图 2 崇明东滩北部农场区区域范围图-------------------------------------- 错误！未定义书签。 附图 3 崇明东滩北部农场区样点分布图-------------------------------------- 错误！未定义书签。 附图 4 崇明东滩北部农场区土壤 PH 分布图---------------------------------错误！未定义书签。 附图 5 崇明东滩北部农场区土壤 EC 分布图---------------------------------错误！未定义书签。 附图 6 崇明东滩北部农场区土壤 OM 分布图--------------------------------错误！未定义书签。 附图 7 崇明东滩北部农场区土壤 A-P 分布图--------------------------------错误！未定义书签。 附图 8 崇明东滩北部农场区土壤 A-K 分布图------------------------------- 错误！未定义书签。 附图 9 崇明东滩北部农场区土壤质地分布图-------------------------------- 错误！未定义书签。 附图 10 崇明东滩北部农场区土壤 T-S 分布图-------------------------------错误！未定义书签。 附图 11 崇明东滩北部农场区土壤综合质量分布图-------------------------错误！未定义书签。 谢辞---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------22 意见和建议------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------22