MAJOR PROCESS TYPES CONTINUOUS STEADYSTATE- Used for world-scale production of commodity chemicals Large, centrally located plants BATCH Used for small-scale production of high value-added chemicals JIT MINIPLANT Used for on-site production of hazardous or difficult to transport chemicals Continuous Steady-State is the dominant process type

DESIGN METHODOLOGY goaL-- Produce design for chemical plant that: Is economically acceptable and Is operable,ie., eIs safe → Is controllable Is reliable,and Is environmentally acceptable

ENGINEERING ECONOMICS ESTIMATING THE PROFITABILITY OF A CHEMICAL PLANT Estimating Investment Estimating Cost of Production Profitability Evaluation Return on Investment (ROD) Payout time(Tpay) DCF Rate of Return(DCFROR) Transfer Price

ENGINEERING ECONOMICS II INVESTMENT ANALYSIS Companies(and individuals) invest money in order to earn money Examples Build a factory to make washing machines and dryers → Open laundromat Write novel(what is being invested here?) Get a degree in chemical engineering

ENGINEERING ECONOMICS I TO INVEST, OR NOT TO INVEST, THAT IS THE QUESTION. (With apologies to William Shakespeare) Given one or more potential projects, how do we decide in which to invest, if any? What criteria do we use to evaluate potential projects?

WHAT IS ASPEN? A computer program for steady-state process simulation (a.k. process Flowsheeting) Developed for the simulation of Chemical Petrochemical Processes Coal-based Processes Petroleum Refining Polymer Processes One of many commercially available flowsheeting programs such as PROII (Simulation Sciences) HYSIM (Hyprotech)

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION A. Types of Material Balance Problems B. Historical Perspective CONSERVATION OF MASS A. Control volumes B. Holdup or Inventor C. Material Balance Basis D. Material balances I. PROCESSES The Concept of a process Basic processing functions C. Unit Operatic Modes of process Operations

CHEMICAL REACTOR CHARATERIZATION GOALS: Outline basic concepts Review reaction chemistry Develop basic definitions of performance Identify important reactor variables Review reaction thermodynamics

CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF SIMPLE DISTILLATION COLUMNS Goals: Determine feasibility of proposed separation Estimate tray and reflux requirements Estimate column diameter and height

EQUILIBRIUM STAGED SEPARATIONS Single Stage Flash [Flash Drum] Distillation Simple Distillation Complex Distillation Non-Ideal Distillation Gas Absorption and Stripping Liquid-Liquid Extraction Multi-Effect Evaporation