一、概述 （一）文明戏或新剧阶段（萌芽阶段） 二十世纪初，在日本新剧的影响下，中国部分留日学生曾孝谷、李叔同等人组织了我国第一个话剧团体“春柳社

一、本章介绍新文学第一个十年（1917—1927年）小说创作的情况 二、要求掌握本期小说发展的三种类型或潮流

一、初期白话新诗 （一）胡适的历史功绩新诗实践和理论建构

1．了解鲁迅及其创作系统 2．掌握对《呐喊》与《彷徨》的总体评价，理解为什么说它是中国现代小说的开端与成熟的标志。 3．掌握对《狂人日记》和《阿Q正传》的评价

一、新文化运动与文学革命 1915年9月，陈独秀主编的《青年杂志》 （1916年9月第二卷改名《新青年》， 1917年迁至北京）在上海创刊 新文化阵营向旧文化挑战、进击的主要 阵地

1. Historical background: The Victorian age can be roughly divided into three periods: (1) 1832-1848: a time of social unrest; (2) 1848-1870: a period of economic prosperity and religious controversy; (3) 1870-1901: a period of decay of Victorian values

By the close of the eighteenth century, the world had witnessed several major political 1. the American and French revolutions, 2.exceptional social upheavals, 3. prominent changes in philosophical thought

1. Historical background: The Constitutional monarchy set up by parliament in 1688 was a compromise between the bourgeoisie and the aristocrats. The cultural life had undergone remarkable changes. Newton’s scientific discovery and the philosophy of John Locke affected people’s thinking of the world

1. Historical Background The English Bourgeois Revolution and Restoration: The weakening of the tie between monarchy and bourgeoisie; The clashes between the King and Parliament; The outburst of the English Revolution;

1. Historical background The Elizabeth Age (1558-1603): England enjoyed peaceful development under the rule of Queen Elizabeth I, who maintained a balance of between the Protestants and the Catholics