7.1 红外谱图基本知识 7.2 红外光谱原理 7.3 官能团的特征频率 7.4 红外谱图解析

1.1 核磁共振基本原理 1.2 化学位移（Chemical Shift） 1.3 自旋－自旋耦合（Spin-Spin Coupling） 1. 4 脉冲傅里叶变换核磁共振谱仪PFT-NMR（Pulsed Fourier Transform NMR)

Chemical reactions happen in nature to produce natural substance, and even living organism. Chemical reactions have been used by us to produce millions of substance that do not exist in nature. Chemical reactions are the central part of the chemical sciences

8. 1 Water molecules form an open crystalline structure in ice When water freezes. the water molecules arrange themselves in a six-sided crystalline structure. Increased structural orderliness usually means increased density. Solids and crystals have high structural orderliness and are thus denser than liquid and non-crystalline materials. But water is exception

6. 1 An atomic model is needed to understand how atoms bond Electrons in the outermost occupied shell of any atom are responsible for the atom's chemical properties. The electrons that participate in chemical bonding are called valence electrons(价电子), the shell they

Different metal containing compounds emit colored light when fireworks burn. This colored light is a combination of series of colors called spectral pattern.(谱带) Each element emits its own characteristic spectral pattern, which can be used to identify the element. This allowed the scientists in 1900s to develop models of the atom's internal structure

3.1 Chemistry developed out of interest in materials The ability to control fire allowed ancient people to prepare copper(7000 years ago) and iron (3200 years ago) for tools and weapons

Acid-base reaction: Transfer of proton Oxidation and reduction: transfer of electron

10.1 Acids donate protons, bases accept them Sulfuric acid is the number one manufactured chemical 85 billion pounds (40,000,000tons) annually in US. Acid has “sour taste

Chapter 1 Chemistry is a Science of Change water molecule is consisted of one oxygen(氧) atom and two hydrogen(氢) atoms A cup of water contains about 1024 water molecules