Thin Layer Chromatography (TlC) is an extremely useful technique for monitorin reactions. It is also used to determine the proper solvent system for performing separations using column chromatography. tLC uses a stationary phase, usually alumina or silica, that is highly polar(standard) or non-polar(reverse phase). The mobile phase is a solvent whose polarity you will choose. In 5.301, and in most lab

Working on a vacuum manifold: See LLP chapter 9.2 for an excellent discussion on working with air-sensitive reagents, including how to use a two-way manifold. De-gassing solvents: The best way to remove water and oxygen from a solvent is to distill it over an appropriate drying agent (such as sodium). This can sometimes be a lengthy (and dangerous)task. Since we

Overview: As you may discover, growing single crystals takes patience as well as an artful hand Crystallizations can be very sensitive to temperature and minor disturbances. Therefore, you will be encouraged to try several different temperatures using otherwise identical conditions, and to always find a quiet undisturbed location to promote crystal growth. Here are some tried and true tips to get

This handout describes how to prepare a standard gas chromatograph sample. It involves preparing a dilute solution of a somewhat volatile compound and using the GC to assess its purity

Overview: A good 'H NMR sample contains about 10 mg of compound. The solution should contain no solids or paramagnetic impurities. Your deuterated NMR solvent should be free of water,and your NMR spectrum should contain no solvent peaks. Reference: Zubrick page 295 is relatively useful, but you should follow the specifics in this handout Also, keep in mind that we won't be running continuous wave spectrometers, so you should disregard any discussion of them. NMR Solvents:

Flash column chromatography is a quick and (usually) easy way to separate complex mixtures of compounds. We will be performing relatively large scale separations in 5.301,around 1.0 g of compound. Columns are often smaller in scale than this and some of you will experience these once you move into the research lab. Column chromatography uses the same principles

This handout describes standard extraction and washing protocols that can be applied to virtually any crude reaction mixture. Aqueous washings are done to remove water soluble impurities from organic products since normally the compound that you desire will be dissolved in Reference

WARNING NOTICE: The erperimants described in these matcrials are potantially hazardous and require a high level ofsafcty training special facilities and equipment, and supervision by appro responsibility, liability, and risk for the implemontation of such safey procedures and meastncs. MIT shall have no responsibility, liability, or risk for the content or implementation any of the matainl presented. Legal Notices

WARNING NOTICE: The erperimants descnbed in these materials are potentially hao ardous and require a high level ofsafcty training special facilitics and equipment, and supervision by approprinte individuals. You bear the solc responsibility, liability, and risak for the implemcntation of such safdty procedunes and measures. MrT shall have no responsiblity, liability, risk for the content or implemcutation of amy of the matcrial presented. Legal Notices

第二章晶体的基本概念 第一节晶体的基本性质 第二节空间点阵 第三节整数定律及晶面指数 第四节晶体投影