The inductance which is equivalent to several inductance connected in series is simply the sum of the series inductance

The displacement current flowing internally between the capacitor plates is exactly equal to the conduction current flowing in the capacitor leads

A current-carrying conductor produced a magnetic field (1800). A changing magnetic field could induce a voltage in a neighboring circuit(1820)

Let=R3 and The result we have found for two /R =k, we have inputs may be extended to any v2=-k(v1+3) number of inputs

The voltage follower is a circuit in which the output is identical to the input

UB =A(DA-UB) =cons tant The inverting OP-AMP circuit

The operational amplifier (hereafter OP-AMP)is developed in the 1940s primarily for use in analog computers, made cheaply and readily available in the late 1960s through integrated-circuit technology. The actual construction of a modern OP-AMP is indeed very complex, involving many transistors, diodes, resistors and capacitors

Equation is satisfied when=. The maximum power is=

One of the main uses of Thevenin's and Norton's theorems is the replacement of a large part of network very simple equivalent

Let us first define a linear element as passive element that has a linear voltage-current relationship