Coughing is an essential defense mechanism that it prevents the airways from the foreign substance and clear the excretion of respiratory tract. Coughing is a reflex. permanent and frequent coughing indicates an abnormality

Palpitation may be defined as an awareness of the beating of the heart, an awareness most commonly brought about by a change in the heart's rhythm or rate or by an augmentation of its contractility

Definition: Dyspnea is defined as an awareness of difficulty in breathing It is therefore a symptom, usually described by the patient as \short of breath,\ whether the sensation is due to actual difficulty in breathing or is essentially an awareness of hyperventilation. If the symptom becomes striking, it always companies with dilatation of nares, cyanosis, use of accessory muscles of respiration and abnormalities of respiratory rate, depth or rhythm

一、定义 结核病是由结核杆菌引起的慢性传染病

概述(summarise) 定义(definition) HE(or hepatic coma),是严重肝病 引起的、以代谢紊乱为基础、中枢神经系 统功能失调的综合征,其主要临床表现是 意识障碍、行为失常和昏迷

1.意外伤害(Unintentional Injury):突然发生的事件对人体所造成的肉体和精神上的伤害,原因包括物理、化学和生物等各种因素,是儿童致伤、致残、致死的主要原因之一 2.1985年美国国家儿童卫生与人类发展研究所(NICHD)学术会议对意外伤害的定义和分类进行标准化 3.国际疾病分类(ICD-10)将其列为单独一类疾病

一、掌握小ㄦ年龄分期、各年龄期特点以及保健原则 二、熟悉儿科学的特点,熟悉小儿预防接种程序,自动免疫和被动免疫的概念 三、了解儿科学的范围、儿童保健组织的机构、托幼管理、儿保门诊

菌血症(bacteremia): 细菌短暂入血,无中毒症状,血菌落<100/ml 败血症(septicemia or sepsis): 病原菌(细菌、真菌)侵入血液、大量繁殖、 释放毒素引起的全身感染性疾病 毒血症(toxemia): 血内无菌,有中毒症状(毒素存在) 脓毒败血症(septicopyemia): 败血症伴多发性脓肿,若血培养阴性,为脓 毒血症(pyemia)

矮小症: short stature 身高低于同年龄、同性别、同地区正常健康 儿童平均身高的2个标准差

一、小儿最常见先心病,占先心病20~25% 二、定义:室间隔的发育不发育障碍 三、室间隔缺损分类: