Chapter Microorganisms and Microbiology From very small virus and Bacteria to large parasites

Chapter 7 Microbial Genetics Plasmids Circular genetic elements that reproduce autonomously and have an extra chromosomal existence 1-1000 KB in size Most are circular double stranded dna. some linear ds DNA

Chapter 7 Microbial Genetics Plasmids Circular genetic elements that reproduce autonomously and have an extra-chromosomal existence 1-1000 KB in size Typical plasmid 1/20 of chromosome Most are circular double-stranded DNA. some linear ds dna Transmitted from cell to cell via

Kingdom I: Proteobacteria Purple phototrophic Bacteria The Nitrifying bacteria Sulfur- and Iron-Oxidizing Bacteria Methanotrophs and Methylotrophs Pseudomonas and pseudomonads Acetic Acid bacteria Free-Living Aerobic Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria Neisseria Chromobacterium and relatives Enteric bacteria

The Purple Bacteria, also called Proteobacteria is the largest and most physiological diverse of all bacteria Beta purple bacteria Chemolithotrophs Chemoorganotrophs Chemoorganotrophs Gamma purple Alpha purple bacteria

The Purple Bacteria, also called Proteobacteria is the largest and most physiological diverse of all bacteria Beta purple bacteria Chemolithotrophs Chemoorganotrophs Chemoorganotrophs Gamma purple Alpha purple bacteria

ingdom I: Proteobacteria Purple Phototrophic Bacteria The Nitrifying Bacteria Sulfur-and Iron-Oxidizing Bacteria Methanotrophs and Methylotrophs Pseudomonas and Pseudomonads Acetic Acid Bacteria Free-Living Aerobic Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria Neisseria, Chromobacterium, and Relatives Enteric Bacteria

Single-Stranded Filamentous DNA Bacteriophages M13, fl and fd Distinct Properties of M13 -Infect Escherichia coli Infect only male cells through attachment to the male-specific pilus Have circular single-stranded DNA Can be used as a cloning vector and DNA sequencing vehicle in genetic engineering Infect but not kill the cells

Virus a noncellular genetic element that enlists a cell for its own replication, it has an extracellular state. A virus particle containing nucleic acid surrounded by protein and other macromolecular components is called virion

一、核酸发酵是在氨基酸发酵基础上的进一步深化和发展的代谢控制发酵。 二、物体内大分子的核酸是由单核苷酸作为原料聚合而成的,因此,生物体必须先合成单核苷酸。 单核苷酸有两条完全不同的合成途径: (1)全合成途径——由磷酸戊糖开始; (2)补救途径——由培养基中获取