对原生质体融合技术在农业中的作用进行了综述,介绍了目前原生质体融合技术在微生物、植物遗传育种中的应用情况 关键词原生质体;融合;微生物;

细胞质中能自我复制的遗传物质称胞质基因。现已证明,植物细胞质中的叶绿体和线粒体都含有自己的DNA及整套的转录和翻译系型,首先要获得胞质杂种

为了把野生优质工业用油植物基因导入到普通栽培油菜品种中本文报道了野 生优质工业用油植物 fendlen的原生质体培养及其原生质体与普通栽培油菜品种 原生质体融合。结果表明:L. fendleri原生质体及两种植物融合原生质体在P培养 基上诱导出愈率高;来源于下胚轴的原生质体出愈率高于子叶原生质体;低剂量射 线辐照处理更有利于促进原生质体融合;叶原生质体间细胞融合频率高于下胚轴 原生质体间细胞融合频率;B5培养基+2mL对提高融合原生质体细胞愈伤组织 再分化最适宜;原生质体融合细胞再生植株高度60~70cm,叶片形状偏向L. fendleri 叶片大小、茎秆粗细、花药大小介于双亲之间,花型、花色偏于B. napus,花药空瘪无 花粉粒,自交不能结实

Ab initio =from the beginning in strictest sense uses first principles, not information about other protein structures In practice, all methods rely on empirical observations

Why the hype? Microarray platforms CDNA VS oligo technologies Sample applications Analysis of microarray data clustering of co-expressed genes some classic microarray papers

1. Overview-the many levels of systems biology 2. Experimental methods for measuring protein-protein interactions and their limitations 3. Data sources for information about proteins and their

Algorithms for detecting structure similarity Dynamic Programming works on 1D strings- reduce problem to this cant accommodate topological changes example: Secondary Structure Alignment Program(SSAP) 3D Comparison/Clustering

For a molecular simulation or model you need 1. a representation of the protein 2. An energy function 3. a search algorithm or optimizer

1. Grow crystals-structure determination by X-ray crystallography relies on the repeating structure of a crystalline lattice 2. Collect a diffraction pattern-periodically spaced atoms in the crystal give specific\spots\where x-rays interfere constructively

Review of protein structure hierarchy Nonpolar, Hydrophobic R-grou Primary structure Glycin (Gly, G) Aa,A≌ alina (VaL V. Leucine(Lou, L) Isoleucine{,非 MAAAAAAGPEMVRGQVE 20 amino acids Phenylalanine(Ph,月