Outline Review of Muscle Contraction – From AP generation to contraction of fibers – Muscle proprioceptors (spindles and Golgi tendons) – Afferent and efferent axons

1. In shortening, the relationship between the Force and Velocity is (Hill's Curve - know this!!): (T+a)(v+b) = (T0+a)b Hyperbolic Form

Part II Musculoskeletal Dynamics

Musculoskeletal Dynamics Grant Schaffner

Robot / Human Comparisons (how inhumane) Table I presents some of the elements of robotic and animal movement systems neatly compared for your viewing pleasure. Table I. Comparison of Movement Control Systems in the Robot and Human

Early Ideas about Muscular Contraction Hippocrates thought that the tendons caused the body to move (he confused tendons with nerves, and in fact used the same word, neuron, for both)

Summary Summary - Bones

Principal Aim To assess the strength changes, and associated change in fracture risk, due to structural alterations in the proximal femora of astronauts experiencing long￾term weightlessness

Notes on Bones Notes on Bones

The Fundamental problem The Fundamental problem Bones get less dense as we age Bones get less dense as we age Old people with low density bones Old people with low density bones fracture easily fracture easily Space -flight rapidly causes bones to flight rapidly causes bones to get less dense get less dense