2013-2-27 Overview:History of Thermodynamics in1849. 6-18329 ntropy ics).SI unit of energy.the 21 Overview:History of Thermodynamics ouofond awof hormodynamicr ed 11
2013-2-27 11 First and second laws of thermodynamics emerged in 1950s, from works of – Lord Kelvin/开尔文 (1824-1907): developed the Kelvin scale of absolute temperature measurement; firstly use thermodynamics in 1849. – William Rankine /朗肯 (1820-1872) : developed a complete theory of the steam engine and indeed of all heat engines. Write first thermodynamic textbook in 1859. – Rudolph Clausius/克劳修斯 (1822-1888): in 1850, first stated the basic ideas of the second law of thermodynamics. In 1865 he introduced the concept of entropy. Sadi Carnot/卡诺 (1796 –1832) gave the first successful theoretical account of heat engines, now known as the Carnot cycle, laying the foundations of the second law of thermodynamics. Others like: Carnot efficiency, Carnot heat engine. James Prescott Joule /焦耳 (1818-1889) discovered relationship of heat to mechanical work ,which led to the theory of conservation of energy(first law of thermodynamics). SI unit of energy, the joule, is named after him. 21 Overview: History of Thermodynamics First and second laws of thermodynamics emerged in 1950s, from works of – Lord Kelvin/开尔文 (1824-1907): developed the Kelvin scale of absolute temperature measurement; firstly use thermodynamics in 1849. – William Rankine /朗肯 (1820-1872) : developed a complete theory of the steam engine and indeed of all heat engines. Write first thermodynamic textbook in 1859. – Rudolph Clausius/克劳修斯 (1822-1888): in 1850, first stated the basic ideas of the second law of thermodynamics. In 1865 he introduced the concept of entropy. Sadi Carnot/卡诺 (1796 –1832) gave the first successful theoretical account of heat engines, now known as the Carnot cycle, laying the foundations of the second law of thermodynamics. Others like: Carnot efficiency, Carnot heat engine. James Prescott Joule /焦耳 (1818-1889) discovered relationship of heat to mechanical work ,which led to the theory of conservation of energy(first law of thermodynamics). SI unit of energy, the joule, is named after him. 22 Overview: History of Thermodynamics
2013-2-27 Course Overview and Policy(2) Student companion website http://bcs.wiley.com/h bcs/Books?action=index&bcsld=6607&itemld=0470918012 WILEY 1-23 Course Overview and Policy(3) Grades Weight Factors Midterm Exam #2-20% Final Exam-40% Dishonesty be reported to the Office of Student Rights and Responsibilities. which may impose for further penalty.NO EXCEPTIONS 1-24 12
2013-2-27 12 Course Overview and Policy (2) Student companion website http://bcs.wiley.com/hebcs/Books?action=index&bcsId=6607&itemId=0470918012 1-23 Course Overview and Policy (3) Grades Weight Factors Homework - 20% Midterm Exam #1 - 20% Midterm Exam #2 - 20% Final Exam – 40% Dishonesty Students caught cheating or plagiarizing will receive a "0" for that particular assignment or exam. Additionally, the incident will be reported to the Office of Student Rights and Responsibilities, which may impose for further penalty. NO EXCEPTIONS. 1-24
2013-2-27 Chapter 1 Introductory Concepts and Definitions Learning Outcomes Demonstrate understanding of several fundamental concepts used throughout this book...Including closed system,control volume,boundary and surroundings,property state,process,the distinction between extensive and intensive properties,and equilibrium. 1-26 6
2013-2-27 13 Chapter 1 Introductory Concepts and Definitions Learning Outcomes ►Demonstrate understanding of several fundamental concepts used throughout this book . . . Including closed system, control volume, boundary and surroundings, property, state, process, the distinction between extensive and intensive properties, and equilibrium. 1-26
2013-2-27 Learning Outcomes,cont. Apply SI and English Engineering units, including units for specific volume,pressure, and temperature. Work with the Kelvin,Rankine,Celsius,and Fahrenheit temperature scales. Apply the problem-solving methodology used in this book. 1-27 What is Thermodynamics? Greek:therme(@pun)=heat and dynamis (ouvauis)=power (The science of energy N.L.Sadi Carnot(1796-1832)>Father of Thermodynamics Lord Kelvin>used for the first time the word thermodynamics in 1849 Macroscopic Approach Classical Thermodynamics(State and Process) Microscopical Approach Statistical thermodynamics Application areas...are many 1-28 14
2013-2-27 14 Learning Outcomes, cont. ►Apply SI and English Engineering units, including units for specific volume, pressure, and temperature. ►Work with the Kelvin, Rankine, Celsius, and Fahrenheit temperature scales. ►Apply the problem-solving methodology used in this book. 1-27 What is Thermodynamics? • Greek: therme (θέρμη) = heat and dynamis (δύναμις) = power (The science of energy) • N. L. Sadi Carnot (1796 – 1832) Æ Father of Thermodynamics • Lord Kelvin Æ used for the first time the word thermodynamics in 1849 • Macroscopic Approach = Classical Thermodynamics (State and Process) • Microscopical Approach = Statistical thermodynamics • Application areas … are many. 1-28
2013-2-27 Application areas of Thermodynamics Defining Systems System:whatever we want to study (Quantity of mass or region in space) Surroundings:everything external to the system. Boundary:separates system from its surroundings.Can be fixed or movable. Surroundings Boundary Surroundings Surroundings System Surroundings 1-30 15
2013-2-27 15 Application areas of Thermodynamics 1-29 Defining Systems ►System: whatever we want to study; (Quantity of mass or region in space) ►Surroundings: everything external to the system. ►Boundary: separates system from its surroundings. Can be fixed or movable. System Boundary 1-30 Surroundings Surroundings Surroundings Surroundings