CHAPTER 1: ORIGINS c.Ca.1500-ca.1800 Procedure loses cosmopolitan character New ideas in period of Enlightenment Increased party autonomy(control) o Orality and publicity Free judicial evaluation of evidence Systematic Towards codification
11 CHAPTER 1: ORIGINS C. Ca. 1500 – ca. 1800 • Procedure loses cosmopolitan character • New ideas in period of Enlightenment • Increased party autonomy (control) • Orality and publicity • Free judicial evaluation of evidence • Systematic • Towards codification
CHAPTER 1: ORIGINS D Ca 1800-present 1806 French Code of Civil Procedure Based on 1667 Ordinance General pattern-specific requirements Liberal- individual responsibility Passive iudge Civil litigation is battle EXemplary Code Geneva Code of Civil Procedure(1819)
12 CHAPTER 1: ORIGINS D. Ca. 1800-present 1806 French Code of Civil Procedure • Based on 1667 Ordinance • General pattern – specific requirements • Liberal – individual responsibility • Passive judge • Civil litigation is battle • Exemplary Code • Geneva Code of Civil Procedure (1819)
CHAPTER 1: ORIGINS D Ca 1800-present 1895 Austrian Code of Civil Procedure Drafted by franz Klein Societal dimension of civil litigation Active judge Wahrheitspflicht (duty to speak the truth)
13 CHAPTER 1: ORIGINS D. Ca. 1800-present 1895 Austrian Code of Civil Procedure • Drafted by Franz Klein • Societal dimension of civil litigation • Active judge • Wahrheitspflicht (duty to speak the truth)
CHAPTER 1: ORIGINS D Ca. 1800-present 1998 English Civil Procedure Rules First reforms 19th century(1873-75 Judicature Acts) Nevertheless procedure highly adversarial Excessive length and high costs Lord woolf: access to justice Introduction of judicial case management Pre-action protocols Discovery disclosure(limited) Content pleadings (no notice pleading) Witness depositions and cross-examination Expert evidence( single joint expert) Three procedural tracks(allocation stage) High costs remain why?)
14 CHAPTER 1: ORIGINS D. Ca. 1800-present 1998 English Civil Procedure Rules • First reforms 19th century (1873-75 Judicature Acts) • Nevertheless procedure highly adversarial • Excessive length and high costs • Lord Woolf: Access to Justice • Introduction of judicial case management • Pre-action protocols • Discovery = disclosure (limited) • Content pleadings (no notice pleading) • Witness depositions and cross-examination • Expert evidence (single joint expert) • Three procedural tracks (allocation stage) • High costs remain (why?)
CHAPTER 2: JUDICIAL CASE MANAGEMENT
15 CHAPTER 2: JUDICIAL CASE MANAGEMENT