Contents of Today S.J.T.U. Phase Transformation and Applications Review previous Condition of equilibrium Phase equilibrium First order transitions:variation of equilibrium pressure with temperature Clapeyron equation in vapor equilibria Variation of vapor pressure of a condensed phase with total applied pressure Variation of vapor pressure with particle size Second-order transition SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Spring2o07©X.J.Jin Lecture 7 equilibrium I
Phase Transformation and Applications S. J. T. U. SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Spring 2007 © X. J. Jin Lecture 7 equilibrium I Contents of Today Review previous Condition of equilibrium Phase equilibrium First order transitions: variation of equilibrium pressure with temperature Clapeyron equation in vapor equilibria Variation of vapor pressure of a condensed phase with total applied pressure Variation of vapor pressure with particle size Second-order transition
Review S.J.T.U. Phase Transformation and Applications Properties relations Entropy of Mixing,Partial Molar Quantities 热力学关系式的应用 p65.213 OAG =△V p ap Os aH aH S,o SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Spring 2007 ©X.J.Jin Lecture 7 equilibrium I
Phase Transformation and Applications S. J. T. U. SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Spring 2007 © X. J. Jin Lecture 7 equilibrium I Review Properties relations Entropy of Mixing，Partial Molar Quantities 热力学关系式的应用 T T P V P S ⎟⎠⎞ ⎜⎝⎛ ∂∂ ⎟ = ⎠⎞ ⎜⎝⎛ ∂∂ − = 0 ⎟⎟⎠⎞ ⎜⎜⎝⎛ ∂∂ T VU p.65, 2.13 V p G T Δ= ⎟⎟⎠⎞ ⎜⎜⎝⎛ ∂Δ∂ T p pC ⎟⎟⎠⎞ ⎜⎜⎝⎛ ∂∂ S pT ⎟⎟⎠⎞ ⎜⎜⎝⎛ ∂∂ S T ⎟⎠⎞ ⎜⎝⎛ ∂∂σ T p V V ⎟⎟⎠⎞ ⎜⎜⎝⎛ ∂∂ − 1 H S T ⎟⎠⎞ ⎜⎝⎛ ∂∂ σ εH S , ⎟⎠⎞ ⎜⎝⎛ ∂∂
Index of nomenclature S.J.T.U. Phase Transformation and Applications Equilibrium:平衡 Phase equilibrium:相平衡 First order transitions:一级相变 Second-order transition:二级相变 SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Spring2007©X.J.Jin Lecture 7 equilibrium I
Phase Transformation and Applications S. J. T. U. SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Spring 2007 © X. J. Jin Lecture 7 equilibrium I Index of nomenclature Equilibrium: 平衡 Phase equilibrium: 相平衡 First order transitions: 一级相变 Second-order transition: 二级相变
Introduction to equilibrium S.J.T.U. Phase Transformation and Applications The concept of equilibrium is fundamental Stable,unchanging with time and certain properties of the system are uniform throughout The system may not be homogeneous in form -Co-existence of ice and water ·Phase A portion of matter that is uniform throughout,not only in chemical composition,but also in physical state The usefulness of many metallic,polymeric,and ceramic systems depends on the presence,at equilibrium,of various different phases in the material SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Spring2007©X.J.Jin Lecture 7 equilibrium I
Phase Transformation and Applications S. J. T. U. SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Spring 2007 © X. J. Jin Lecture 7 equilibrium I Introduction to equilibrium • The concept of equilibrium is fundamental • Stable, unchanging with time and certain properties of the system are uniform throughout • The system may not be homogeneous in form – Co-existence of ice and water • Phase – A portion of matter that is uniform throughout, not only in chemical composition, but also in physical state – The usefulness of many metallic, polymeric, and ceramic systems depends on the presence, at equilibrium, of various different phases in the material
Condition of equilibrium S.J.T.U. Phase Transformation and Applications Two states are in equilibrium when no reversible work can be done by having the system change between those two states 2 OWrer.12 =0 MA Figure 4.1 Machine MA to trans- form mass m from state I to state 2. The temperatures in the two states must be equal .A consequence of the second law of thermodynamics Otherwise... SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Spring2007©X.J.Jin Lecture 7 equilibrium I
Phase Transformation and Applications S. J. T. U. SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Spring 2007 © X. J. Jin Lecture 7 equilibrium I Condition of equilibrium • Two states are in equilibrium when no reversible work can be done by having the system change between those two states δWrev →21. = 0 • The temperatures in the two states must be equal •A consequence of the second law of thermodynamics •Otherwise…