OPM Benefits Object-Process Diagrams(OPDs) Unification of the system's structure and behavior within one intuitive model throughout the system lifecycle:The same A visual formalism(Harel)that concepts are carried on throughout the entire development captures both objects and processes life cycle No need for mental transformations and integration across in the system along with the different models-no model multiplicity problem. structural and procedural relations Objects and processes are dual and complement each other among them. in the system's specification-no object supremacy. The entire system is fully defined by Encapsulation is relative and flexible-objects can encapsulate processes and vice versa. the OPD set-a set of inter-related and consistent OPDs. ③cLeo ③ctce Objects,Processes,Things Object Object:that which has the potential of persistent unconditional existence for some Object positive duration of time.Symbol:B1 Process:the pattern of changing that An Object is that which has the potential of stable, unconditional existence for some positive duration of time transforms one or more objects by changing Can be physical:visible or tangible and stable in form their state or by creating or destroying them. Can be informational:anything that can be apprehended Symbol:P intellectually Objects have states(which can be changed by process) Thing:a generalization of an object and a Objects are linked to nouns process. Meta-symbol:T System Engineering by J..Gao ③ctGo 国 23 System Engineering by .J.Gao ③ctse 24
+ - OPM Benefits Unification of the system’s structure and behavior within one intuitive model throughout the system lifecycle: The same concepts are carried on throughout the entire development life cycle. No need for mental transformations and integration across different models – no model multiplicity problem. Objects and processes are dual and complement each other in the system’s specification – no object supremacy. Encapsulation is relative and flexible – objects can encapsulate processes and vice versa. + - Object-Process Diagrams (OPDs) A visual formalism (Harel) that captures both objects and processes in the system along with the structural and procedural relations among them. The entire system is fully defined by the OPD set—a set of inter-related and consistent OPDs. + - System Engineering by J. J. Gao 23 Object: that which has the potential of persistent unconditional existence for some positive duration of time. Symbol: Process: the pattern of changing that transforms one or more objects by changing their state or by creating or destroying them. Symbol: Thing: a generalization of an object and a process. Meta-symbol: Objects, Processes, Things B1 T1 P1 + - An Object is that which has the potential of stable, unconditional existence for some positive duration of time Can be physical: visible or tangible and stable in form Can be informational: anything that can be apprehended intellectually Objects have states(which can be changed by process) Objects are linked to nouns System Engineering by J. J. Gao 24 Object
Object and its States Status Representations ②lampSimple.opa 回☒ State is a situation at which the object can exist for some positive duration of time(and implicitly can change). lamp ■ Process change the state of a particular objects,the operand Lamp For simple objects,the state can be represented by a rounded rectangle within the rectangle representing the object of） on Status off on Examples: -When thinking about tranporation,a person: -When thinking about heating.a home Cad wam When thinking about assigning,an array Implicit Status Explicit Status Representation Representation System Engineering by J.J.Gao ③cLao 国 25 ③cLGo 国 Process Thought Exercise Processing Look at things and decide if they are objects or .A process is the pattern of transformation applied to one or process-have states or change states more objects Can not hold or touch a process-it is fleeting Generally creation,change,or destruction .A process relies on at least one object in the pre-process set A process transforms at least one object in the pre-process set A process takes place along a time line A process is associated with a verb System Engineering by J.J.Gao ③ctoo 27 System Engineering by .J.Gao ⑦c1Ge 国 28
+ - System Engineering by J. J. Gao 25 Object and its States State is a situation at which the object can exist for some positive duration of time( and implicitly can change). Process change the state of a particular objects, the operand For simple objects, the state can be represented by a rounded rectangle within the rectangle representing the object + - Status Representations Implicit Status Representation Explicit Status Representation + - A process is the pattern of transformation applied to one or more objects Can not hold or touch a process- it is fleeting Generally creation, change, or destruction A process relies on at least one object in the pre-process set A process transforms at least one object in the pre-process set A process takes place along a time line A process is associated with a verb System Engineering by J. J. Gao 27 Process + - System Engineering by J. J. Gao 28 Thought Exercise Look at things and decide if they are objects or process-have states or change states