o Benzene with more than two substituents 3. are named by numbering the position of each substituent on the ring. The numbering is carried out such that the g lowest possible numbers are used, and the substituents are listed alphabetically when writing the name CH CH Toluene Benzyl
Organic Chemistry Organic Chemistry Xiamen Xiamen University University Benzene with more than two substituents are named by numbering the position of each substituent on the ring. The numbering is carried out such that the lowest possible numbers are used, and the substituents are listed alphabetically when writing the name. CH 3 To l uen e CH 2 Be n z y l
NO2 Br CH CH3 O2N CI 4-bromo-1, 2-dimethylbenzene 2-Chloro-1, 4-dinitrobenzene 12-二甲基-4-溴苯 14-二硝基-2-氯苯 CH O2N nO? ①D NO ⑨D 2. 4.6-Trinitrotoluene 24.6-三硝基甲苯
Organic Chemistry Organic Chemistry Xiamen Xiamen University University CH 3 CH 3 Br 1, 2 -二甲基 - 4 - 溴 苯 4 -brom o -1,2-dime t h y lbenzen e Cl NO 2 O 2 N 1, 4 -二硝基 - 2 - 氯 苯 2-Chlo r o-1,4-dini trobenzen e CH 3 O 2 N NO 2 NO 2 2,4,6-Tr i n i t r oto l u e n e 2, 4,6 -三硝基甲苯
7.2芳香烃的来源及物理性质 Sources and Physical Properties of Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Organic Chemistry Organic Chemistry Xiamen Xiamen University University 7.2 芳香烃的来源及物理性质 Sources and Physical Properties of Aromatic Hydrocarbons
721芳香烃的来源 1.煤焦油的分馏 到/桨、隔绝空气干馏焦炭+煤气+煤焦油 1000~1300°C 煤焦油 分馏 苯+审苯+二甲苯+ 苯酚+甲酚十萘 煤焦油大约有350种不同的化合物。从1000电的 煤炼焦中,可得6.5吨苯、0.6吨甲苯和二甲苯
Organic Chemistry Organic Chemistry Xiamen Xiamen University University 7.2.1 芳香烃的来源 1. 煤焦油的分馏 煤 隔绝空气干馏 1000~1300 C 焦炭 + 煤气 + 煤焦油 煤焦油 分馏 苯 + 甲苯 + 二甲苯 + 苯酚 + 甲酚 + 萘 煤焦油大约有350种不同的化合物 从1000吨的 煤炼焦中 可得6.5吨苯 0.6吨甲苯和二甲苯
三■在分馏中有约40%的焦油经分馏蒸出 a(1)80~170℃轻油(1~2%)苯、甲苯、 二甲苯 (2)170~215℃酚油(2~3%)苯酚、甲 酚、二甲酚 (3)215~230℃萘油(⑧8~10%)萘 a(4)230~290℃洗涤油(8~10%)萘、苊 芴 a(5)290~350℃蒽油(18~25%)蒽、菲 残留物焦油沥青(约55%)
Organic Chemistry Organic Chemistry Xiamen Xiamen University University 在分馏中有约40%的焦油经分馏蒸出 (1) 80 170 轻 油(1 2%) 苯 甲苯 二甲苯 (2) 170 215 酚 油(2 3%) 苯酚 甲 酚 二甲酚 (3) 215 230 萘 油(8 10%) 萘 (4) 230 290 洗涤油(8 10%) 萘 苊 芴 (5) 290 350 蒽 油(18 25%) 蒽 菲 残留物 焦油沥青 ( 约55% )