2. Things that will be covered 1). General principles for bioenergetics 2). Oxidative degradation of fuels(glycolysis, B oxidation, urea cycle. a-ketoacid oxidation. citric acid cycle), generating NADH, FADH2, ATP, and CO 3). Oxidation of NAdH and Fadh, by o2 and generation of ATP and H2O(respiratory chains, ATP synthase 4). Photosynthsis(photophosphorylation and carbon fixation 5). Biosynthsis of DNA, RNa and Protein (replication repair, recombination, transcription, translation) 6). Regulation of metabolism
2. Things that will be covered 1). General principles for bioenergetics. 2). Oxidative degradation of fuels (glycolysis, boxidation, urea cycle, a-ketoacid oxidation, citric acid cycle), generating NADH, FADH2 , ATP, and CO2 . 3). Oxidation of NADH and FADH2 by O2 and generation of ATP and H2O (respiratory chains, ATP synthase). 4). Photosynthsis (photophosphorylation and carbon fixation). 5). Biosynthsis of DNA, RNA and Protein (replication, repair, recombination, transcription, translation). 6). Regulation of metabolism
CH2OH 4 FIGURE 16-3 The glycolytic by which glucose is degraded to Chapter 15 acid Reactions in which ATP and A0 are involved are highlighted in blue, ne eacton involving NAD and NADH e highlighted m yellow. Note that a the Glycolysis and intermediates between giucose and pyruvate are phosphorylated compoun Glucose 6-phosphate catabolism of Fructose B-phosp hexose Preparatory OH H 3-phosphate Phase 2N+2 2 ADP ⑤m2ArP HH 0 Payoff 2H20 H-C=c—c-0 Phase OPO ③nt 2 ADP 2 ATP Pyruvate c-0
Preparatory Phase Payoff Phase Chapter 15 Glycolysis and catabolism of hexoses
CHe-C-S-CoA CoA-SH Condensatio Chapter 16 citie o=C-C00 HO--C-CO0 The citric acid CHI-coo CH2-co0 Dehydration Oxaloacetate cycle malata coo HO→CH CH-C CH, The citric acid cycle C-coo COO C-Coo Or the Krebs cycle HO Or Tricarboxylic acid cycle Hydration CHCoO H-C--CO0 Isocitrate CHe-co0 CHefoo CO,.[2HI succinyl.Ca CHv coo CH,-coo Succinate CoA-S C-S-CoA CoA-SH GTP GDP O (ADP) Suceinvl-CoA COz Substrate-level Oxidati phosphorylation
The citric acid cycle Or the Krebs cycle Or Tricarboxylic acid cycle Chapter 16 The citric acid cycle
I Chapter 17 coo COO Acyl CoA FAD Oxidation of CHe CH FAD CHo Oxidation fatty acids dehyde COO FAD nerIna Fumarate trans-A"Enoyl CoA CoO CoO HoO CH HO-CH OHH O HC HC-H Coo Fumarate L-3-Hydroxyacyl CoA L-Malate △G°=-3.8kJ/mol Oxidation 4 NADH R-CH2-C-CHr-C-S-CoA NAD NADH +H' 3-Ketoacyl CoA HO-C--H CHe Thiolysis COo dehvdrogenase teMplate Oxaloacetate R-CH2-C-S-CoA H,C-C-S-CoA △G°=29.7 k/mol Acyl CoA shortened Acetyl CoA by two carbon atoms
Chapter 17 Oxidation of fatty acids
The urea cycle CH2-CH2-CH-coo Amino acid transamination to Glutamine extrahepatic NH3 Glutamate Alanine(from muscle) OOC CH2-CH2 CH- coo CH CH-Coo Cytosol Citrulline Aspartate Doc- CHy-Ch AMP H2N-C-NH-CH23-CH-coo 2ADP+P: Citrulline HCO3 Oxaloacetate OOC-CHgCH-NHC-NH-(CH2'3 tamate aspartate nminotransfera Aspartate a-Keto. HnC Fumarate glutarate Mitochondrial Urea OOC- CHCH OOC-CH-CH-coo matrix Ornithin H-(CHal CH N3H-(CHgl3CH Coo eb) the urea cyele Chapter 18 Amino acid oxidation and N-C-N the production of urea
Chapter 18 Amino acid oxidation and the production of urea The urea cycle