性质 金属：强度strength,塑性ductility,高熔点high melting point,导体 thermal and electrical conductivity,toughness. 陶瓷：硬脆hard and brittle,绝缘体insulators,不透明optically opaque, 半透明semi--transparent,.透明transparent,.耐热、耐腐蚀heat and corrosion resistant,比金属轻less dense than metals,难熔refractory 半导体：导电性介于导体与绝缘体之间conductivity between conductors and insulators 聚合物：重量轻light weight,,绝缘insulator,抗腐蚀anti-corrosion,低熔 点low melting point
性质 金属 : 强度strength, 塑性ductility, 高熔点high melting point, 导体 thermal and electrical conductivity, 韧性toughness. 陶瓷: 硬脆hard and brittle, 绝缘体insulators, 不透明optically opaque, 半透明semi-transparent, 透明transparent, 耐热、耐腐蚀heat and corrosion resistant, 比金属轻less dense than metals, 难熔refractory 半导体: 导电性介于导体与绝缘体之间conductivity between conductors and insulators 聚合物: 重量轻light weight, 绝缘insulator, 抗腐蚀anti-corrosion, 低熔 点low melting point
Let's start from the subatomic level
Let’s start from the subatomic level……
金属键 -Metal "kernel"e-Electron cloud 强的库仑力：高熔点high melting point,强度strength,硬度hardness 电子可以自由运动：导电、导热electrical and thermal conduction,塑性ductility 各向同性isotropy(→各向异性anisotropy)
金属键 e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e - Metal "kernel" - Electron cloud e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e 强的库仑力: 高熔点high melting point, 强度strength, 硬度hardness 电子可以自由运动: 导电、导热electrical and thermal conduction, 塑性ductility 各向同性 isotropy (→各向异性anisotropy)
离子键 库仑键力 电子被交换Electrons are transferred 大的电负性差异Large difference in electronegetivities 强而没有方向性strong and non-directional::高熔点high melting point,硬 而脆hard but brittle,绝缘体insulator
离子键 电子被交换Electrons are transferred 大的电负性差异Large difference in electronegetivities 强而没有方向性strong and non-directional: 高熔点high melting point, 硬 而脆hard but brittle, 绝缘体insulator
共价键 (蓝色小球代表电子) 电子没有得失而是被共享Electrons are not transferred but shared 电负性差异小small electronegativity differences 强而有方向性Strong and directional:高熔点high melting point,.硬hard, 脆brittle,绝缘体insulator
共价键 电子没有得失而是被共享Electrons are not transferred but shared 电负性差异小small electronegativity differences 强而有方向性Strong and directional: 高熔点high melting point, 硬hard, 脆brittle, 绝缘体insulator