Civil War and Drug Law Coffee,cathartics泻a药，whiskey and quinine,.Opium and morphine, calomel甘汞，turpentine松节油 William A.Hammond The manufacturing complex, John Michael Maisch (1828-1900)American ca.1876 founded in 1822 (1831-1893)United military physician and Ceramic jar for quinine from the States pharmacist,the neurologis U.S.Army Lab.,in Philadelphia, "father of adequate 1863 pharmaceutical legislation
奎宁一改变历史的发现 Quinine had been said to be the prime reason Africa ceased to be known as the "white man's Vladimir Prelog grave".Quinine also played a significant role in (1906-1998) the colonization of Africa by Europeans. 构型 HO H3CO Large-scale use of quinine as a malaria prophylaxis started around 1850. Pierre Pelletier (1788-1842) Joseph Caventou (1795-1877) 1826 He manufacture quinin on a commercial scale
Quinine and Drug Industry 48 PHARMACIE PELLETIER AT好 PELLETIER X IPECACUANHAE C 1822:Pierre-Joseph Pelletier opened an industrial plant for quinine manufacturing in France.By 1826,ca 150000 Kg of cinchona bark was being processed (3600 Kg,2.4%Quinine),Thereby kick-staring the pharmaceutical industry.And such techniques were applied to the purification of other alkaloids in pharmaceucial demand,.especially morphine.法国和德国的竞争开始
Quinine in England Francois Magendie Pierre-Joseph Pelletier Thomas N.R.Morson (1783-1855) (1788-1842) (1800-1874)1821 Morson spent three years in Paris during 1818-1821.Under influence of Francois Magendie and Pierre-Joseph Pelletier,Morson was the first British producer,from 1821,of quinine sulphate and morphine. By the 1860s Morsons was producing over five hundred different chemical substances,mainly of medicinal application
Quinine and Drug Industry QUININE SULPHATE William Weightman (1813-1904) “Quinine King”-one of the wealthiest men in America Powers Weightman (Farr and Kunzi,Merck) 1822:The firm of Farr and Kunzi commenced the manufacture of quinine, only two years after its isolation from cinchona bark had been reported in France