Java (programming language) From Wikipedia,the free encyclopedia Jump to:navigation,search "Java language"redirects here.For the natural language from the Indonesian island of Java,see lavanese language. Not to be confused with JavaScript. Java ava multi-paradigm: Paradigm(s) object-oriented,structured, imperative,generic,reflective Appeared in 1995m James Gosling and Designed by Sun Microsystems Developer Oracle Corporation Java Standard Edition 7 Update 15 Stable release (1.7.15)(February19,2013: 3 days ago) Typing Static,strong,safe discipline nominative,manifest Major Open IDK,many others
Java (programming language) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search "Java language" redirects here. For the natural language from the Indonesian island of Java, see Javanese language. Not to be confused with JavaScript. Java Paradigm(s) multi-paradigm: object-oriented, structured, imperative, generic, reflective Appeared in 1995 [1] Designed by James Gosling and Sun Microsystems Developer Oracle Corporation Stable release Java Standard Edition 7 Update 15 (1.7.15) (February 19, 2013; 3 days ago) Typing discipline Static, strong, safe, nominative, manifest Major OpenJDK, many others
implementations Dialects Generic Java,Pizza Ada83,C+±，C进，1 Eiffel,a Generic lava,Mesa,Modula-3, Influenced by Oberon,Ob jective-C,UCSD Pascal,Smalltalk Ada2005,BeanShell,C进， Clojure,D,ECMAScript,Groovy, Influenced J进，JavaScript,PH皿，Python, Scala,Seed7,Vala Implementation C and C++ language OS Cross-platform (multi-platform) GNU General Public License,Java License Community Process Usual filename java,.class,.jar extensions Website For Java Developers >Java Programming at Wikibooks Java is a general-purpose,concurrent,class-based,object-oriented computer programming language that is specifically designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible.It is intended to let application developers "write once,run anywhere"(WORA),meaning that code that runs on one platform does not need to be recompiled to run on another.Java applications are typically compiled to bytecode (class file) that can run on any Java virtual machine (JVM)regardless of computer architecture.Java is,as of 2012,one of the most popular programming languages in use,particularly for client-server web applications,with
implementations Dialects Generic Java, Pizza Influenced by Ada 83, C++, C#, [2] Eiffel, [3] Generic Java, Mesa, [4] Modula-3, [5] Oberon, [6] Objective-C, [7] UCSD Pascal, [8][9] Smalltalk Influenced Ada 2005, BeanShell, C#, Clojure, D, ECMAScript, Groovy, J#, JavaScript, PHP, Python, Scala, Seed7, Vala Implementation language C and C++ OS Cross-platform (multi-platform) License GNU General Public License, Java Community Process Usual filename extensions .java, .class, .jar Website For Java Developers Java Programming at Wikibooks Java is a general-purpose, concurrent, class-based, object-oriented computer programming language that is specifically designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible. It is intended to let application developers "write once, run anywhere" (WORA), meaning that code that runs on one platform does not need to be recompiled to run on another. Java applications are typically compiled to bytecode (class file) that can run on any Java virtual machine (JVM) regardless of computer architecture. Java is, as of 2012, one of the most popular programming languages in use, particularly for client-server web applications, with
a reported 10 million users.Java was originally developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems (which has since merged into Oracle Corporation)and released in 1995 as a core component of Sun Microsystems' Java platform.The language derives much of its syntax from C and C++, but it has fewer low-level facilities than either of them. The original and reference implementation Java compilers,virtual machines,and class libraries were developed by Sun from 1991 and first released in 1995.As of May 2007,in compliance with the specifications of the Java Community Process,Sun relicensed most of its Java technologies under the GNU General Public License.Others have also developed alternative implementations of these Sun technologies,such as the GNU Compiler for Java and GNU Classpath. Contents [hide] ·1 History o 1.1 Principles o 1.2 Versions ·2 Practices o 2.1 Java platform .2.1.1 Implementations ■ 2.1.2 Performance o 2.2 Automatic memory management ·3 Syntax ·4 Examples o 4.1 Hello world o 4.2 A more comprehensive example 。 5 Special classes o 5.1 Applet o 5.2 Servlet o 5.3 JavaServer Pages o 5.4 Swing application 。5.5 Generics 6 Criticism 7 Use by external companies 。7.1 Google o 7.2 Gaikai ● 8 Class libraries 9 Documentation
a reported 10 million users. [10][11] Java was originally developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems (which has since merged into Oracle Corporation) and released in 1995 as a core component of Sun Microsystems' Java platform. The language derives much of its syntax from C and C++, but it has fewer low-level facilities than either of them. The original and reference implementation Java compilers, virtual machines, and class libraries were developed by Sun from 1991 and first released in 1995. As of May 2007, in compliance with the specifications of the Java Community Process, Sun relicensed most of its Java technologies under the GNU General Public License. Others have also developed alternative implementations of these Sun technologies, such as the GNU Compiler for Java and GNU Classpath. Contents [hide] 1 History o 1.1 Principles o 1.2 Versions 2 Practices o 2.1 Java platform 2.1.1 Implementations 2.1.2 Performance o 2.2 Automatic memory management 3 Syntax 4 Examples o 4.1 Hello world o 4.2 A more comprehensive example 5 Special classes o 5.1 Applet o 5.2 Servlet o 5.3 JavaServer Pages o 5.4 Swing application o 5.5 Generics 6 Criticism 7 Use by external companies o 7.1 Google o 7.2 Gaikai 8 Class libraries 9 Documentation
10 Editions 11 See also o 11.1 Comparison of Java with other languages 12 Notes 13 References 14 External links History See also:Java (software platform)#History ▣ Duke,the Java mascot James Gosling,Mike Sheridan,and Patrick Naughton initiated the Java language project in June 1991.12 Java was originally designed for interactive television,but it was too advanced for the digital cable television industry at the time.The language was initially called Oak after an oak tree that stood outside Gosling's office;it went by the name Green later,and was later renamed Java,from Java coffee,said to be consumed in large quantities by the language's creators.44 Gosling aimed to implement a virtual machine and a language that had a familiar C/C++ style of notation.sl Sun Microsystems released the first public implementation as Java 1.0 in 1995.It promised "Write Once,Run Anywhere"(WORA),providing no-cost run-times on popular platforms.Fairly secure and featuring configurable security,it allowed network-and file-access restrictions.Major web
10 Editions 11 See also o 11.1 Comparison of Java with other languages 12 Notes 13 References 14 External links History See also: Java (software platform)#History Duke, the Java mascot James Gosling, Mike Sheridan, and Patrick Naughton initiated the Java language project in June 1991. [12] Java was originally designed for interactive television, but it was too advanced for the digital cable television industry at the time. [13] The language was initially called Oak after an oak tree that stood outside Gosling's office; it went by the name Green later, and was later renamed Java, from Java coffee, said to be consumed in large quantities by the language's creators. [14] Gosling aimed to implement a virtual machine and a language that had a familiar C/C++ style of notation. [15] Sun Microsystems released the first public implementation as Java 1.0 in 1995. [1] It promised "Write Once, Run Anywhere" (WORA), providing no-cost run-times on popular platforms. Fairly secure and featuring configurable security, it allowed network- and file-access restrictions. Major web
browsers soon incorporated the ability to run lava applets within web pages,and Java quickly became popular.With the advent of Java 2(released initially as J2SE 1.2 in December 1998 1999),new versions had multiple configurations built for different types of platforms.For example,2E targeted enterprise applications and the greatly stripped-down version J2ME for mobile applications (Mobile Java).J2SE designated the Standard Edition.In 2006,for marketing purposes,Sun renamed new12 versions as Java EE,Java ME,and Java SE,respectively. In 1997,Sun Microsystems approached the ISO/IEC ITCI standards body and later the Ecma International to formalize Java,but it soon withdrew from the process.Java remains a de facto standard,controlled through the Java Community Process.At one time,Sun made most of its Java implementations available without charge,despite their proprietary software status.Sun generated revenue from Java through the selling of licenses for specialized products such as the Java Enterprise System.Sun distinguishes between its Software Development Kit (SDK)and Runtime Environment (JRE)(a subset of the SDK);the primary distinction involves the JRE's lack of the compiler,utility programs,and header files. On November 13,2006,Sun released much of Java as free and open source software,(FOSS),under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL). On May 8,2007,Sun finished the process,making all of Java's core code available under free software/open-source distribution terms,aside from a small portion of code to which Sun did not hold the copyright. Sun's vice-president Rich Green said that Sun's ideal role with regards to Java was as an "evangelist."Following Oracle Corporation's acquisition of Sun Microsystems in 2009-2010,Oracle has described itself as the "steward of Java technology with a relentless commitment to fostering a community of participation and transparency".This did not hold Oracle,however,from filing a lawsuit against Google shortly after that for using Java inside the Android SDK(see Google section below). Java software runs on laptops to data centers,game consoles to scientific supercomputers.There are 930 million Java Runtime Environment downloads each year and 3 billion mobile phones run Java.On April 2,2010,James Gosling resigned from Oracle.2 Principles
browsers soon incorporated the ability to run Java applets within web pages, and Java quickly became popular. With the advent of Java 2 (released initially as J2SE 1.2 in December 1998 – 1999), new versions had multiple configurations built for different types of platforms. For example, J2EE targeted enterprise applications and the greatly stripped-down version J2ME for mobile applications (Mobile Java). J2SE designated the Standard Edition. In 2006, for marketing purposes, Sun renamed new J2 versions as Java EE, Java ME, and Java SE, respectively. In 1997, Sun Microsystems approached the ISO/IEC JTC1 standards body and later the Ecma International to formalize Java, but it soon withdrew from the process. [16] Java remains a de facto standard, controlled through the Java Community Process. [17] At one time, Sun made most of its Java implementations available without charge, despite their proprietary software status. Sun generated revenue from Java through the selling of licenses for specialized products such as the Java Enterprise System. Sun distinguishes between its Software Development Kit (SDK) and Runtime Environment (JRE) (a subset of the SDK); the primary distinction involves the JRE's lack of the compiler, utility programs, and header files. On November 13, 2006, Sun released much of Java as free and open source software, (FOSS), under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL). On May 8, 2007, Sun finished the process, making all of Java's core code available under free software/open-source distribution terms, aside from a small portion of code to which Sun did not hold the copyright. [18] Sun's vice-president Rich Green said that Sun's ideal role with regards to Java was as an "evangelist." [19] Following Oracle Corporation's acquisition of Sun Microsystems in 2009–2010, Oracle has described itself as the "steward of Java technology with a relentless commitment to fostering a community of participation and transparency". [20] This did not hold Oracle, however, from filing a lawsuit against Google shortly after that for using Java inside the Android SDK (see Google section below). Java software runs on laptops to data centers, game consoles to scientific supercomputers. There are 930 million Java Runtime Environment downloads each year and 3 billion mobile phones run Java. [21] On April 2, 2010, James Gosling resigned from Oracle. [22] Principles