The sorbed iron can prevent the UV light from penetrating the particle and inactivating organisms that may be embedded within the particle. Dosage control is extremely important when UV disinfection is to be used Organic constituents, are compounds with six conjugated carbons or a five- or Six-member conjugated ring. The reduction in transmittance observed during storm events is often ascribed to the presence of humic substances from stormwater flows Fig. 2-6 Transmittance measured at various wavelengths for activated-sludge effluents and lagoon effluents Unfiltered and filtered transmittance are mearsured in wastewater in connection with the evaluation and design of uv disinfection systems
The sorbed iron can prevent the UV light from penetrating the particle and inactivating organisms that may be embedded within the particle. Dosage control is extremely important when UV disinfection is to be used. Organic constituents, are compounds with six conjugated carbons or a five- or six-member conjugated ring. The reduction in transmittance observed during storm events is often ascribed to the presence of humic substances from stormwater flows. Fig. 2-6 Transmittance measured at various wavelengths for activated-sludge effluents and lagoon effluents Unfiltered and filtered transmittance are mearsured in wastewater in connection with the evaluation and design of UV disinfection systems
Temperature he temperature of wastewater is commonly higher than that of the local water supply, because of the addition of warm water from households and industrial activities. As the specific heat of water is much greater than that of air the observed wastewater temperatures are lower only during the hottest summer months Effects of Temperature The temperature of water is a very important parameter because of its effect on chemical reactions and reaction rates, aquatic life, and the suitability of the water for be eneficial uses
Temperature The temperature of wastewater is commonly higher than that of the local water supply, because of the addition of warm water from households and industrial activities. As the specific heat of water is much greater than that of air, the observed wastewater temperatures are lower only during the hottest summer months. Effects of Temperature The temperature of water is a very important parameter because of its effect on chemical reactions and reaction rates, aquatic life, and the suitability of the water for beneficial uses
Industrial establishments that use surface water for cooling water purposes are particularly concerned with the temperature of the intake water In addition, oxygen is less soluble in warm water than in cold water. The the rate of biochemical reactions that accompanies an increase in temperature, combined with the decrease in the quantity of oxygen present in sur face waters, can often cause serious depletions in dissolved oxygen concentrations in the summer months A sudden change in temperature can result in a high rate of mortality of aquatic life. Moreover, abnormally high temperatures can foster the growth of undesirable water plants and wastewater fungus
Industrial establishments that use surface water for cooling water purposes are particularly concerned with the temperature of the intake water. In addition, oxygen is less soluble in warm water than in cold water. The the rate of biochemical reactions that accompanies an increase in temperature, combined with the decrease in the quantity of oxygen present in surface waters, can often cause serious depletions in dissolved oxygen concentrations in the summer months. A sudden change in temperature can result in a high rate of mortality of aquatic life. Moreover, abnormally high temperatures can foster the growth of undesirable water plants and wastewater fungus
Optimum Temperatures for Biological Activity Optimum temperatures are in the range from 25 to 35 C Aerobic digestion and nitrification stops at50'C. At 15C methane-producing bacteria become quite inactive, and at about 5C, the autotrophic-nitrifying bacteria practically cease functioning. At 2 C, even the chemoheterotrophic bacteria dormant Conductivity The conductivity increases as the concentration of ions increases. In effect. the measured ec value is used as a surrogate measure of TDS concentration
Optimum Temperatures for Biological Activity Optimum temperatures are in the range from 25 to 35℃. Aerobic digestion and nitrification stops at50℃. At 15℃, methane-producing bacteria become quite inactive, and at about 5℃, the autotrophic-nitrifying bacteria practically cease functioning. At 2℃,even the chemoheterotrophic bacteria dormant. Conductivity The conductivity increases as the concentration of ions increases. In effect, the measured EC value is used as a surrogate measure of TDS concentration
2-4 Inorganic Nonmetallic Constituents Inorganic chemical constituents of concern include nutrients, nonmetallic constituents, metals, and gases Inorganic nonmetallic and metallic constituents derive from the background levels in the water supply and from the additions resulting from domestic use, from the addition of highly mineralized water from private wells and groundwater, and from industrial use Inorganic nonmetallic constituents considered in thi section include pH, nitrogen, phosphorus, alkalinity chlorides, sulfur, other inorganic constituents, gases, and odors
2-4 Inorganic Nonmetallic Constituents Inorganic chemical constituents of concern include nutrients, nonmetallic constituents, metals, and gases. Inorganic nonmetallic and metallic constituents derive from the background levels in the water supply and from the additions resulting from domestic use, from the addition of highly mineralized water from private wells and groundwater, and from industrial use. Inorganic nonmetallic consfituents considered in this section include pH, nitrogen, phosphorus, alkalinity, chlorides, sulfur, other inorganic constituents, gases, and odors