四种基本相互作用 引力 弱 电磁 强 Gravity Weak Electromagnetic) Strong Carried 中介粒子 w'w'2 Photon Gluon (not yet observed) Quarks and Quarks and 作用于 Acts on All Quarks leptons Charged Leptons and w and Gluons 基础理论广义相对论标准模型(Yang-Mls规范场论
四种基本相互作用 引力 弱 电磁 强 中介粒子 作用于 基础理论 广义相对论 标准模型 （Yang-Mills规范场论）
四种力的作用范围 Illustration: Typoform down esons Solar systems quark Baryons axleS down Gravity Force neutron Strong force Electromagnetic force Weak force Bosons (W,Z) Oxygen atom /、 Atoms Neutron decay N force Beta decay ing of
四种力的作用范围
Properties of Force-Carrying Particles Mass Interaction Lifetime Particle (Gev/c2 mediated (s) graviton gravity stable photon electromagnetism stable vector boson W806 weak 2.93×10-25 vector boson Zo 912 2.60×10-25 pion (mainly 0.139 r+:2,8x10-8 strong a0:83×10-17 gluon 9 0 superstrong Hi ggs boson ultrastrong Higgs boson H*>35 able: The intermediary particles that convey varous forces between other elementary particles
Properties of Force-Carrying Particles
Gauge Field principle Symmetry Dictates Interactions (C.N. Yang) Einstein: General Relativity Weyl Scale( gauge)Invarinace Fock, London(etc): Phase Invariance Yang-Mills: Non-abelain Generalization of phase Gauge fields: Connections, Messengers, Compensating Fields. Fixing Rules for Interactions
Gauge Field Principle Symmetry Dictates Interactions (C.N. Yang) Einstein: General Relativity Weyl: Scale (gauge) Invarinace Fock, London (etc): Phase Invariance Yang-Mills: Non-abelain Generalization of Phase Gauge fields: Connections, Messengers, Compensating Fields, Fixing Rules for Interactions
Electromagnetic Interaction e virtual photo e e
Electromagnetic Interaction