病因及其推断 (Causes of Disease) 赵根明 复旦大学公共卫生学院
病因及其推断 (Causes of Disease) (Causes of Disease) 赵根明 复旦大学公共卫生学院
提纲 ●病因概述 疾病发生的条件 ●流行因素和病因研究(如何形成假设) ●如何进行病因推断(常用标准) ●病因研究实例(反应停与先天性畸形
提 纲 z 病因概述 z 疾病发生的条件 z 流行因素和病因研究(如何形成假设) z 如何进行病因推断(常用标准) z 病因研究实例(反应停与先天性畸形)
疾病病因穊念的发展 鬼、上帝、天意 古时 金、木、水、火 19世纪上半叶 土、瘴气 特异疾病与特异传染物有关 活的传染物 19世纪末微生物发展 (Kch法则) 种疾病由一种特异病原 微生物引起(单一病原论)
一、疾病病因概念的发展 一、疾病病因概念的发展 鬼、上帝、天意 古时 金、木、水、火、 19世纪上半叶 土、瘴气 特异疾病与特异传染物有关 活的传染物 19世纪末微生物发展 (Koch法则 ) 一种疾病由一种特异病原 微生物引起（单一病原论 )
Koch Postulates Robert Koch established the relationship between the tubercule bacillus and tuberculosis Developed the following three postulates o The pathogen occurs in every case of the disease in question associated with it characteristic pathologic clinical manifestations After being fully isolated from the body and repeatedly grown in pure culture, it can induce disease in a symptom-free host The pathogen can be recovered from the new host after symptoms appear
Koch Postulates Koch Postulates – Robert Koch established the relationship between the tubercule bacillus and tuberculosis. – Developed the following three postulates z The pathogen occurs in every case of the disease in question associated with it characteristic pathologic clinical manifestations. z After being fully isolated from the body and repeatedly grown in pure culture, it can induce disease in a symptom-free host. z The pathogen can be recovered from the new host after symptoms appear
CAUSATION IN HEALTH (2) infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis poor nutrition age clinical tuberculosis genetic factors? environmental conditions Ex. 1.4. Simple causal relationship? A somewhat more com plete diagram of the causes of clinical tuberculosis