系综 S.J.T.U. Phase Transformation and Applications Page 11/66 ·系综 微观态的总和，一个体系可以一系列微观态存在。 孤立体系/微正则系综 体积V、粒子数N和内能U一定 封闭体系/正则系综 体积V、粒子数N和温度T一定 敬开体系/巨正则系综 体积V、温度T一定，u SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Spring 2008( X.J.Jin Lecture 19 Statistical
Phase Transformation and Applications S. J. T. U. SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Spring 2008 © X. J. Jin Lecture 19 Statistical Page 11/66 系综 • 系综 微观态的总和，一个体系可以一系列微观态存在。 孤立体系 / 微正则系综 体积V、粒子数N和内能U一定 封闭体系 / 正则系综 体积V、粒子数N和温度T一定 敞开体系 / 巨正则系综 体积V、温度T一定，μ
微观状态数与最可几分布 S.J.T.U. Phase Transformation and Applications Page 12/66 ·微观状态数 每一种分布即为一种微观态 微观态数日的多少表示体系内部混乱程度的大小 最可几分布 具有微观态数最多的分布出现的可能性最大 SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Spring 2008( X.J.Jin Lecture 19 Statistical
Phase Transformation and Applications S. J. T. U. SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Spring 2008 © X. J. Jin Lecture 19 Statistical Page 12/66 微观状态数与最可几分布 • 微观状态数 每一种分布即为一种微观态 微观态数目的多少表示体系内部混乱程度的大小 • 最可几分布 具有微观态数最多的分布出现的可能性最大
两个盒子中放置4个球 S.J.T.U. Phase Transformation and Applications Page 13/66 Table 10.1 Distributions of Four Spheres(A,B,C,and D)in Two Boxes I and II Macrostate: stating the total number of particles in each box yields BCD Microstate: AD BCD each way of B realizing a given B ACD macro distribution ABD Ac C ABD Each macrostate D may be realized by ABC ABCD a number of Box I 1 microstates BoxIⅡ 0 1 2 3 +Q 1 4 6 1 微观状态数！ SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Spring 2008 ©X.J.Jin Lecture 19 Statistical
Phase Transformation and Applications S. J. T. U. SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Spring 2008 © X. J. Jin Lecture 19 Statistical Page 13/66 两个盒子中放置4个球 4 Macrostate: stating the total number of particles in each box yields Microstate: each way of realizing a given macro distribution Each macrostate may be realized by a number of microstates 微观状态数！
一种宏观态三个相同粒子的排列 3。J,1,LU, Phase Transformation and Applications Page 14/66 量子力学 能量量子化（限定在一定体积内运动的粒子） 粒子运动的空间越小，能级之间的间距增加 U=3u,V(能级确定c=0、&1=1u、c2=2u、c3=3u),N=3 SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Spring 2008( X.J.Jin Lecture 19 Statistical
Phase Transformation and Applications S. J. T. U. SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Spring 2008 © X. J. Jin Lecture 19 Statistical Page 14/66 一种宏观态三个相同粒子的排列 量子力学 能量量子化（限定在一定体积内运动的粒子） 粒子运动的空间越小，能级之间的间距增加 U=3u, V(能级确定ε0=0、ε1=1u、ε2=2u、ε3=3u), N=3
一种宏观态三个相同粒子的排列 ○，J,1。U Phase Transformation and Applications Page 15/66 U=3u,V(能级确定ε-0、c=1u、82-2u、c3=3u),N=3 ABCABC ABC ABCABC ABCABCABCABC ABC 一●— 82 6 31 3! 3! =3 ∑w=10 21 3! =6 SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Spring 2008 ©X.J.Jin Lecture 19 Statistical
Phase Transformation and Applications S. J. T. U. SJTU Thermodynamics of Materials Spring 2008 © X. J. Jin Lecture 19 Statistical Page 15/66 一种宏观态三个相同粒子的排列 A B C A B C A B C A B C A B C A B C A B C A B C A B C A B C 3 ε 2 ε 1 ε 0 ε 1 !3 !3 ωa == 3 !1!2 !3 ωb == 6 !1!1!1 !3 ωa == ∑ω =10 U=3u, V(能级确定ε0=0、ε1=1u、ε2=2u、ε3=3u), N=3