Panel data methods B+Bx,1+…kti Vit i Economics 20- Prof anderson
Economics 20 - Prof. Anderson 1 Panel Data Methods yit = b0 + b1 xit1 + . . . bk xitk + uit
A True panel vs a Pooled Cross section o Often loosely use the term panel data to refer to any data set that has both a cross sectional dimension and a time-series dimension o More precisely it's only data following the same cross-section units over time o Otherwise it's a pooled cross-section Economics 20- Prof anderson
Economics 20 - Prof. Anderson 2 A True Panel vs. A Pooled Cross Section Often loosely use the term panel data to refer to any data set that has both a crosssectional dimension and a time-series dimension More precisely it’s only data following the same cross-section units over time Otherwise it’s a pooled cross-section
Pooled cross sections o We may want to pool cross sections just to get bigger sample sizes o We may want to pool cross sections to investigate the effect of time e We may want to pool cross sections to investigate whether relationships have changed over time Economics 20- Prof anderson
Economics 20 - Prof. Anderson 3 Pooled Cross Sections We may want to pool cross sections just to get bigger sample sizes We may want to pool cross sections to investigate the effect of time We may want to pool cross sections to investigate whether relationships have changed over time
Difference-in-Differences e Say random assignment to treatment and control groups, like in a medical experiment o One can then simply compare the change in outcomes across the treatment and control groups to estimate the treatment effect o For time 1, 2, groups A, B(y2B-y2A) (yLB-yLA, or equivalently (y2B-yLB 72A-yLA, is the difference-in-differences Economics 20- Prof anderson 4
Economics 20 - Prof. Anderson 4 Difference-in-Differences Say random assignment to treatment and control groups, like in a medical experiment One can then simply compare the change in outcomes across the treatment and control groups to estimate the treatment effect For time 1,2, groups A, B (y2,B – y2,A) - (y1,B – y1,A), or equivalently (y2,B – y1,B) - (y2,A – y1,A), is the difference-in-differences
Difference-in-Differences(cont) o Aregression framework using time and treatment dummy variables can calculate this difference-in-difference as well e Consider the model: yit=Bo t B,afterit+B treatment, o+ B,treatment after t o The estimated B3 will be the difference-in- differences in the group means Economics 20- Prof anderson 5
Economics 20 - Prof. Anderson 5 Difference-in-Differences (cont) A regression framework using time and treatment dummy variables can calculate this difference-in-difference as well Consider the model: yit = b0 + b1 treatmentit + b2afterit + b3 treatmentit*afterit+ uit The estimated b3 will be the difference-indifferences in the group means