碳水化合物:多羟基醛(酮或通过简单水解可形成 多羟基醛(酮)的化合物。 戊醛糖 Aldopentose 醛糖 Aldoses 己醛糖 单糖 Aldohexose 戊酮糖 酮糖↓ Ketopentose 碳水化合物了低聚糖Ke己酮糖 2~10个单糖) Ketohexose 多糖 >10个单糖)
Organic Chemistry Organic Chemistry Xiamen Xiamen University University 碳水化合物：多羟基醛 ( 酮 )或通过简单水解可形成 多羟基醛 ( 酮 )的化合物。 单 糖 低聚糖 多 糖 碳水化合物 醛糖 酮糖 戊醛糖 A ldos e s 己醛糖 Ke t o s e s A ldohe x o s e Ke t o h e x o s e Ke t o p entos e A ldop ent o s e 戊酮糖 己酮糖 (2 ～10个单糖 ) (> 1 0个单糖 )
192单糖的结构和构型 Structures and Configurations of Monosaccharide
Organic Chemistry Organic Chemistry Xiamen Xiamen University University 19.2 单糖的结构和构型 Structures and Configurations of Monosaccharide
Fischer Projections CHO CHO CHO H OH OH HO H HO OH OH OH OH CHOH CHOH CH,OH The carbonyl carbon is always placed either at the top or near the top when showing the Fischer projection of a carbohydrate
Organic Chemistry Organic Chemistry Xiamen Xiamen University University Fischer Projections CHO H OH HO H H OH H OH CH 2OH CHO OH HO OH OH CH 2OH CHO CH 2OH The carbonyl carbon is always placed either at the top or near the top when showing the Fischer projection of a carbohydrate
D, L Sugars CHO CHOH CHO H OH OH HO-H HO oH CHO HH OH H-OH H-OH H OH HOH H-OH H-OH Choh CHOH CH,OH CH2OH D-Glyceraldehyde D-Ribose D-Glucose D-Fructose 2 R-(+)-Glyceraldehyde
Organic Chemistry Organic Chemistry Xiamen Xiamen University University D,L Sugars CHO H OH CH 2OH CHO H OH H OH H OH CH 2OH CHO H OH HO H H OH H OH CH 2OH CH 2OH O HO H H OH H OH CH 2OH D-Gl y ceral d e hy d e D -Rib o s e D-Glu c o s e D-F ru cto s e R-(+)-Glyceraldehyde
D, L Sugars CHO CHO HO H H OH H OH HO H CHO HO H HH OH HO HO→H OH CHOH CHOH CHOH L-Glyceraldehyde L-Glucose D-Glucose 2 s-(-)-Glyceraldehyde
Organic Chemistry Organic Chemistry Xiamen Xiamen University University D,L Sugars CHO HO H CH 2OH L -Glyceral d ehyd e CHO H OH HO H H OH H OH CH 2OH D-Glu c o s e CHO HO H H OH HO H HO H CH 2OH L- G luc o s e S-(-)-Glyceraldehyde