非根本性违约( Non-fundamental breach) 《公约》第二卡五条同时规定:如果由于当事人 不能预知,而且处于相同情况下的另外个通情 达理的人也不能预知会发生这种结果,那么就不 构成根本性违约。 在非根本性违约情况下,通常不能宣告解除合同 受害方只能要求得到损害赔偿
非根本性违约（Non-fundamental Breach） 《公约》第二十五条同时规定：如果由于当事人 不能预知，而且处于相同情况下的另外一个通情 达理的人也不能预知会发生这种结果，那么就不 构成根本性违约。 在非根本性违约情况下，通常不能宣告解除合同 受害方只能要求得到损害赔偿
合同中的索赔条款 在国际贸易合同中一般都订有索赔条款,作为发 生违约情况时索赔的依据。索赔条款通常形式: (→)异议和索赔条款 Discrepancy and Claim Clause) 主要针对卖方交货的品质、规格、数量、包装 装运等与合同不符情况而订立的,内容包括: >规定索赔依据索赔应具有的确凿的证据和证 明文件,出证机构必须符合合同的要求。 规定索赔期限 在规定的有效期限内提出的索赔,违约方必须受 理;逾期违约方可以拒绝索赔
三、合同中的索赔条款 在国际贸易合同中一般都订有索赔条款，作为发 生违约情况时索赔的依据。索赔条款通常形式： （一）异议和索赔条款 （Discrepancy and Claim Clause） 主要针对卖方交货的品质、规格、数量、包装、 装运等与合同不符情况而订立的，内容包括： ➢ 规定索赔依据 索赔应具有的确凿的证据和证 明文件，出证机构必须符合合同的要求。 ➢ 规定索赔期限 在规定的有效期限内提出的索赔，违约方必须受 理；逾期违约方可以拒绝索赔
规定索赔办法和索赔金额 实际业务中违约情况比较复杂,无法预见,因此 通常只作比较笼统的规定。 Discrepancy and claim Clause Any claims by Buyers regarding the goods shipped shall be filled within 30days after the arrival of the goods at the port of destination specified in the relation Bill of Lading and supported by a survey report issued by a surveyor approved by the Sellers. If the goods have already been processed, the Buyers shall there upon lose the right to claim. claims in respect of matters within responsibility of Insurance Company and/or Shipping Company will not be considered or entertained by the S elers
➢ 规定索赔办法和索赔金额 实际业务中违约情况比较复杂，无法预见，因此 通常只作比较笼统的规定。 Discrepancy and Claim Clause Any claims by Buyers regarding the goods shipped shall be filed within 30days after the arrival of the goods at the port of destination specified in the relation Bill of Lading and supported by a survey report issued by a surveyor approved by the Sellers. If the goods have already been processed, the Buyers shall there upon lose the right to claim. Claims in respect of matters within responsibility of Insurance Company and/or Shipping Company will not be considered or entertained by the Sellers
●我国《涉外经济合同法》规定: 当事人一方违反合同的赔偿责任,应相当于另 方同等所受损失,但是不得超过违反合同一方 订立合同时应当预见到的因违反合同可能造成的 损失 当事人一方因另一方违反合同而受到的损失, 应当及时采取适当措施防止损失的扩大,没有及 时采取适当措施致使损失扩大的,无权对扩大的 损失要求赔偿。 ●上述规定与《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》 规定原则上相一致
我国《涉外经济合同法》规定： ➢当事人一方违反合同的赔偿责任，应相当于另 一方同等所受损失，但是不得超过违反合同一方 订立合同时应当预见到的因违反合同可能造成的 损失。 ➢当事人一方因另一方违反合同而受到的损失， 应当及时采取适当措施防止损失的扩大，没有及 时采取适当措施致使损失扩大的，无权对扩大的 损失要求赔偿。 上述规定与《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》 规定原则上相一致
二)罚金条款( Penalty 常用于卖方延期交货或买方延期接货的情况。罚 金条款中一般规定违约方支付罚金的百分比及计 算方法。罚金一般规定上限八不超过5% Penalty: In case of delayed delivery, Sellers shall pay to the Buyers for every week of delay a penalty amounting to 0.5% of the total yalue of the goods whose delivery has delayed. Any fractional part of a week is to be considered a full week. The total amount of penalty shall not, however, exceed 5% of the total value of the goods valued in late delivery and is to be deducted from the amount due to the sellers by the paying bank at the time of negotiation, or by the buyers direct at the time of payment, In case the period of delay exceeds 10 weeks after the stipulate delivery date, Buyers have the right to terminate this contract but the Sellers shall not there by exempted from the payment of penalty
（二）罚金条款（Penalty） 常用于卖方延期交货或买方延期接货的情况。罚 金条款中一般规定违约方支付罚金的百分比及计 算方法。罚金一般规定上限，不超过5%。 Penalty：In case of delayed delivery, Sellers shall pay to the Buyers for every week of delay a penalty amounting to 0.5% of the total value of the goods whose delivery has delayed. Any fractional part of a week is to be considered a full week. The total amount of penalty shall not, however , exceed 5% of the total value of the goods valued in late delivery and is to be deducted from the amount due to the Sellers by the paying bank at the time of negotiation, or by the buyers direct at the time of payment, In case the period of delay exceeds 10 weeks after the stipulate delivery date, Buyers have the right to terminate this Contract but the Sellers shall not there by exempted from the payment of penalty