Esters RCOR Name rand then, after a space, the carboxylic acid (rcooh), with the 66 ic acid ending replaced by-a C(CH3)3 CH3COCH CH3 CHgOCCH2COCH Ethyl acetate Dimethyl malonate tert- Butylcyclohexanecarboxylate (the ethyl ester of (the dimethyl ester of (the tert-butyl ester of acetic acid) malonic acid) cyclohexanecarboxylic acid) e2004 Thomson/ Brooks Cole
Esters, RCO2R¢: • Name R’ and then, after a space, the carboxylic acid (RCOOH), with the “-ic acid” ending replaced by “-ate
nitriles.RC≡N: Closely related to carboxylic acids named by adding -nitrile as a suffix to the alkane name with the nitrile carbon numbered C(1) Complex nitriles are named as derivatives of carboxylic acids Replace -ic acid or-oic acid ending with-onitrile
Nitriles, RCºN: • Closely related to carboxylic acids named by adding -nitrile as a suffix to the alkane name, with the nitrile carbon numbered C(1) • Complex nitriles are named as derivatives of carboxylic acids. –Replace -ic acid or -oic acid ending with -onitrile
C≡N CN CH3C≡N CH CHO Acetonitrile Benzonitrile 2, 2-Dimethylcyclohexanecarbonitrile (from acetic acid) (from benzoic acid) (from 2, 2-dimethylcyclohexane carboxylic acid) @2004 Thomson/Brooks Cole CHo Ch ChChoChocn 4-Methylpentanenitrile 4321 @2004 Thomson/Brooks Cole
10.2 Occurrence. Structure and Properties of Carboxylic acids Carboxyl carbon sp hybridi ze carboxylic acid groups are planar with C-C=O and o=c-o bond angles of approximately120° 0---H0 R-C C-R dimer O-H---0
10.2 Occurrence, Structure and Properties of Carboxylic Acids • Carboxyl carbon sp2 hybridized: carboxylic acid groups are planar with C–C=O and O=C–O bond angles of approximately 120° R C O O H O H O C R dimer
Dissociation of Carboxylic acids H R-C R-C R-C 0-H ROH-BX RO
Dissociation of Carboxylic Acids ROH RO H - + R C O O H R C O O - H + R C O - O