地球内部过程 Plate Tectonics Geologic Tectonics ° Earthquake Tsunamis海啸 and coastal Flooding 环境迪顶学 minoucntalocelogu ,率
地球内部过程 • Plate Tectonics • Geologic Tectonics • Earthquake • Tsunamis海啸 and Coastal Flooding
地球内部过程 Geologic Tectonics Folds If subjected to stresses beyond te ii those that their strength can resist, strata are permanently deformed by either buckling压弯曲or fracturing. The type of deformation depends on the mechanical properties of the rocks and the nature of the stresses. In general stresses which are applied slowly, either deep within the Earth where the confining pressure produced by overburden is high, or to rocks that are not brittle, tend to produce folds by buckling or plastic flow. The essential characteristic of a fold is a change of dip Ai/ a This occurs at the hinge枢纽、绞链 of the fold on either side of the hinge is a limbal, where the dip is comparatively steady In real folds the change of dip is seldom restricted to a line, but is concentrated in a liner zone. The plane of symmetry that bisects fs] the angle between the limbs is the axial surface(or axial plane). The intersection of the axial surface with each bedding plane is an axis of the fold 环境迪顶学 minoucntalocelogu ,率
地球内部过程 Geologic Tectonics • Folds • If subjected to stresses beyond超出 those that their strength can resist, strata are permanently deformed by either buckling压弯曲 or fracturing. The type of deformation depends on the mechanical properties of the rocks and the nature of the stresses. In general, stresses which are applied slowly, either deep within the Earth where the confining pressure produced by overburden is high, or to rocks that are not brittle, tend to produce folds by buckling or plastic flow. The essential characteristic of a fold is a change of dip倾向. This occurs at the hinge枢纽、绞链 of the fold. On either side of the hinge is a limb翼, where the dip is comparatively steady. In real folds the change of dip is seldom restricted to a line, but is concentrated in a liner zone. The plane of symmetry that bisects平分the angle between the limbs is the axial surface (or axial plane). The intersection of the axial surface with each bedding plane is an axis of the fold
地球内部过程 Geologic Tectonics Folds A fold where the limbs diverge偏斜、脱节 downwards(that is, where the dips of the limb are away from the hinge) is an anticline背斜;a fold where dips are towards the hinge is a syncline向斜. the axis is not horizonta, the fold is said to plunge, with the amount of plunge倾伏 插入 being the angle between the axis and the horizontal line vertically above it.其倾斜量以轴线 及其上方的水平线夹角表示 环境迪顶学 minoucntalocelogu ,率
地球内部过程 Geologic Tectonics • Folds • A fold where the limbs diverge偏斜、脱节 downwards (that is, where the dips of the limb are away from the hinge) is an anticline背斜; a fold where dips are towards the hinge is a syncline向斜. If the axis is not horizontal, the fold is said to plunge, with the amount of plunge倾伏、 插入 being the angle between the axis and the horizontal line vertically above it.其倾斜量以轴线 及其上方的水平线夹角表示
地球内部过程 Geologic Tectonics Folds Folds are described and classified by certain features of their geometry Which are diagnostic of how they were formed The criteria and the terms used to define folds are illustrated in Figure 4.12; they are as follows 环境迪顶学 minoucntalocelogu ,率
地球内部过程 Geologic Tectonics • Folds • Folds are described and classified by certain features of their geometry which are diagnostic of how they were formed. The criteria and the terms used to define folds are illustrated in Figure 4.12; they are as follows:
地球内部过程 Geologic Tectonics Folds 环境迪顶学 minoucntalocelogu ,率
地球内部过程 Geologic Tectonics • Folds