Embryonic vs Adult Stem Cells Totipotent ° Multi or pluripotent Differentiation into ANy Differentiation into some cell type cell types, limited outcomes Known source Unknown source Large numbers can be Limited numbers. more harvested from embryos difficult to isolate ° May cause immune Less likely to cause rejection immune rejection, since the Rejection of ES cells by patients own cells can be recipient has not been used shown yet Dr Monika Nema
Utilizations Because of their plasticity and potentially unlimited capacity for self-renewal embryonic stem cell therapies have been proposed for regenerative medicine and tissue replacement after injury or disease
Because of their plasticity and potentially unlimited capacity for self-renewal, embryonic stem cell therapies have been proposed for regenerative medicine and tissue replacement after injury or disease
In 1964, a single type of cell from a teratocarcinoma, a tumor now known to be derived from a germ cell, was isolated. these cells isolated from the teratocarcinoma replicated and grew in cell culture as a stem cell and are now known as embryonal carcinoma(ec)cells In 1981, embryonic stem cells(es cells) were independently derived from mouse embryos they showed that embryos could be cultured in vitro and that es cells could be derived from these embryos n 1998, a breakthrough occurred when researchers first developed a technique to isolate and grow human embryonic stem cells in cell culture A 2002 article in pnas, "human embryonic stem cells have the potential to differentiate into various cell types, and thus, may be useful as a source of cells for transplantation or tissue engineering
In 1964, a single type of cell from a teratocarcinoma, a tumor now known to be derived from a germ cell, was isolated. These cells isolated from the teratocarcinoma replicated and grew in cell culture as a stem cell and are now known as embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells. In 1981, embryonic stem cells (ES cells) were independently derived from mouse embryos. They showed that embryos could be cultured in vitro and that ES cells could be derived from these embryos. In 1998, a breakthrough occurred when researchers first developed a technique to isolate and grow human embryonic stem cells in cell culture. A 2002 article in PNAS, "Human embryonic stem cells have the potential to differentiate into various cell types, and, thus, may be useful as a source of cells for transplantation or tissue engineering”
Potential clinical use >1. Cellular screening: cardiomyocytes, hepatocytes >2. Factor producing: dopamine-producing neurons, insulin-producing cells > 3. Tissue transplantation ESC-derived oligodendrocytes into spinal cord injury
1. Cellular screening : cardiomyocytes, hepatocytes. 2. Factor producing: dopamine-producing neurons, insulin-producing cells. 3. Tissue transplantation: ESC-derived oligodendrocytes into spinal cord injury
Differentiation Cellular differentiation is the process where a cell changes from one cell type to another Cell changes to a more specialized type The three germ layers and one example of a cell type derived from each layer: Ectoderm Endoderm Neuron Blood odis Ur cHI Ectoderm oMe nso M: Mosodom gNG n to: Endoderm gNes rso to brain spinal cord. noNe muscls, blood, blood wssols, the out(pancreas, stomac cells hair. skin. teeth connective tis. and the ie, etc). lungs, bladde ensor cells of ears and garm cels(eggs or sperm) se and mouth , and pigment cols
Cellular differentiation is the process where a cell changes from one cell type to another. Cell changes to a more specialized type