Research on Intelligent Transportation Systems inTaiwanGuide Words: Intelligent transportation system, Human-centered technology, TaiwanAbstract:In the 21st century, the mainstream of technology development is the interdisciplinaryintegration, together with the human-centered technologies (HT) that emphasizes on friendly serviceforhumanratherthantheforcedadaptationbyhuman.IntelligentTransportation Systems(ITS),anintegrated discipline of sensing,controls,information technology,electronics, communications andtraffic management with transportation systems, represents a typical human-centered large-scale andhighly complex dynamic system.It is aimed to provide the traveler information to increase safety,efficiency, and reduce traffic jam, therefore a more humanistic transportation system. Accordinglynew research topics emerge. Specifically, increasing machine intelligence (Machine I Q)human-in-the-loop control system technology (Human-centered Control), human-based intelligentdialogue interface technology (Human-based Interfacing), vision and communication supported andenhancement systems (Smart Vision, Smart Networking), human physical conditions detection andintelligent control technology (Intelligent Control), multi-agent for large-scale systems to supportinformation analysis (Large-Scale System Analysis). This paper discusses some achievements of HT-ITS in Taiwan, including I TS information and communication platform, traffic dynamics simulationplatform, driving safety assistance systems, and intelligent control technologies applied to nextgeneration smart vehicles. Some experimental demonstrations of Advanced Traveler InformationSystems (ATI S) and Advanced Vehicle Control and Safety Systems (AVCSS) on Taiwan iTS-1 arealso included.L.INTRODUCTIONIntelligent Transportation System (ITS) is the mainstream of the development of next-generationtechnologies. The project of Human-centered technology (HT)-ITS in Taiwan collects researchstrengths from National Chiao-Tung University (NCTU),National Taipei University of Technology(NTUT) and National Central University (NCU) and is organized into five subprojects, eachconsistingofbothfundamentalresearchandapplicationstudieslistedasfollows:Smart Vision --- Biological-inspired Intelligent Vision Technology for ITSSmart Interfacing --- Intelligent Dialogue System for ITs Information AccessSmart Car --- Intelligent Control for Next-Generation Smart CarsSmart Networking --- Advanced Technologies of Communication Networks forITS
Research on Intelligent Transportation Systems in Taiwan Guide Words：Intelligent transportation system, Human-centered technology, Taiwan Abstract：In the 21st century, the mainstream of technology development is the interdisciplinary integration, together with the human-centered technologies (HT) that emphasizes on friendly service for human rather than the forced adaptation by human. Intelligent Transportation Systems (I TS), an integrated discipline of sensing, controls, information technology, electronics, communications and traffic management with transportation systems, represents a typical human-centered large-scale and highly complex dynamic system. I t is aimed to provide the traveler information to increase safety, efficiency, and reduce traffic jam, therefore a more humanistic transportation system. Accordingly, new research topics emerge. Specifically, increasing machine intelligence (Machine I Q), human-in-the-loop control system technology (Human-centered Control), human-based intelligent dialogue interface technology (Human-based Interfacing), vision and communication supported and enhancement systems (Smart Vision, Smart Networking), human physical conditions detection and intelligent control technology (Intelligent Control), multi-agent for large-scale systems to support information analysis (Large-Scale System Analysis). This paper discusses some achievements of HT-I TS in Taiwan, including I TS information and communication platform, traffic dynamics simulation platform, driving safety assistance systems, and intelligent control technologies applied to next generation smart vehicles. Some experimental demonstrations of Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATI S) and Advanced Vehicle Control and Safety Systems (AVCSS) on Taiwan iTS-1 are also included. I. INTRODUCTION Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is the mainstream of the development of next-generation technologies. The project of Human-centered technology (HT)-ITS in Taiwan collects research strengths from National Chiao-Tung University (NCTU), National Taipei University of Technology (NTUT) and National Central University (NCU) and is organized into five subprojects, each consisting of both fundamental research and application studies listed as follows: Smart Vision - Biological-inspired Intelligent Vision Technology for ITS Smart Interfacing - Intelligent Dialogue System for ITS Information Access Smart Car - Intelligent Control for Next-Generation Smart Cars Smart Networking - Advanced Technologies of Communication Networks for ITS
Smart Agent --- Agent-based Software Engineering for ITSInformationData sosurceprovidersRoadway tratficSmartAgentSmartVisionInformationIISvision systensensorugAdvanced Traveler Information System,ATISrrsInfomationMessage ExchangePlatformtNaITSCenterLarge-scale SystemITSCoicatAnalysisPlatformDriverUserVehicleSafetySystemSmartAgentmart InterfacingmartVisionSAdvancedVehicleControl andSafetysystem,AVCssFig.1HT-ITS coretechnologiesFig.1 shows the HT-ITS core technologies and the physical architecture of the HT-ITS functionsis given in Fig. 2.HT-ITS in Taiwan consists of three major tasks.The first task is to construct andbuildtheinfrastructureof theinformation and communication platformsforsystem integrationverification, and demonstration.In the information demonstration platform,video networks have beeninstalled in NCTU campus, Hsinchu Science-based Industrial Park (HSIP), and some Hsinchu cityintersections.Aweb-based video information compiling systemand an information centerhave alsobeensetupatNCTU.ThisdemonstrationplatformisatestbedfortheITSinformationplatform
Smart Agent - Agent-based Software Engineering for ITS Fig. 1 HT-ITS core technologies Fig. 1 shows the HT-ITS core technologies and the physical architecture of the HT-ITS functions is given in Fig. 2. HT-ITS in Taiwan consists of three major tasks. The first task is to construct and build the infrastructure of the information and communication platforms for system integration, verification, and demonstration. In the information demonstration platform, video networks have been installed in NCTU campus, Hsinchu Science-based Industrial Park (HSIP), and some Hsinchu city intersections. A web-based video information compiling system and an information center have also been set up at NCTU. This demonstration platform is a test bed for the ITS information platform
Travelers/UsersITSCenterTrafficTrafficIncidencengovienPre-trip Agent-basedSurveillanceDetectionwcPersonallnformationLarge-scaleramesPpmmleITSDBMSAnalysisOn-boardTravelerInformationParking-lotInformationVehicle TypelPlateSupportManagementCenterRecognitionWormlesnicationsWirelineCommunicationsRcearviseSmartCarpAsNOParking-lotDriver SafetyCCTVInformationAssistanceRoadsideVehiclesFig.2PhysicalarchitectureofHT-ITSprojectIL.PLATFORMSOFHT-ITSHT-ITSprojecthas constructed andbuilttheinfrastructureoftheinformationand communicationplatforms for systemintegration,verification,and demonstration inTaiwan.Trafficdynamicssimulationplatformwasalsodevelopedforprovidingreal-timetrafficdynamics andtravel timeinformation,In the following,the approaches and achievements for the established information andcommunication platform, traffic dynamics simulation platform, and experimental car (TAIWAN iTS-1)are discussed.RemoteStationTelephoneAdministratorCCIV.."Line.RemoteStationTelephoneOperatorLineRemote?Intemet...Station.IvsServerSiteIPNetwo:Operator口Remote StationRemote StationOperatorAdministratorRemote video monitoringRemote videomonitoring,Cameracontroland sys-and camera controltem managementFig.3Systemarchitectureof thevideo-informationplatform
Fig. 2 Physical architecture of HT-ITS project II. PLATFORMS OF HT-ITS HT-ITS project has constructed and built the infrastructure of the information and communication platforms for system integration, verification, and demonstration in Taiwan. Traffic dynamics simulation platform was also developed for providing real-time traffic dynamics and travel time information. In the following, the approaches and achievements for the established information and communication platform, traffic dynamics simulation platform, and experimental car (TAIWAN iTS-1) are discussed. Fig. 3 System architecture of the video-information platform
Fig.4 Screen-copy of the traffic surveillance and information system(1)InformationandCommunicationPlatform:Theinformationplatformhasbeenimplementedwith high capability of the advanced image enhancement technologies, and all intelligent visiontechnologies was integrated with the platform and installed in Smart Car. In ITS Center, an automaticvision-based traffic surveillance system and an incident detection system have been developed forextracting traffic parameters. The vision-based parking lot information system and license-platerecognitionwerealsodeveloped onthebasis ofvideoinformationplatform.This task has installed a video-information demonstration platform covering NCTU campus,HSIP and partial Hsinchu city roads. The system architecture of the video information platform isillustratedinFig.3.Thistaskimplementedtheintelligentvision-basedinformationplatformanddevelopedtheautomaticcameracalibration.Theobjectiveof cameracalibrationistodeterminealltherequired parameters for estimating the world coordinates from the pixel coordinates of a given point inan imageframeBased on the structure in Fig. 3, the video-information platform has been established in NCTUcampus and HSIP. Fig. 4 shows the area of the video-information demonstration system, there areseventeen CCTV sets covering the major intersections in HSIP. Fig. 5 shows the images captured bythe cameras in the current video-information platform. The other application of information platformin ITS vision system is the image-based parking lot information system. In image-based parking lotmanagementsystem, weget
Fig. 4 Screen-copy of the traffic surveillance and information system (1) Information and Communication Platform: The information platform has been implemented with high capability of the advanced image enhancement technologies; and all intelligent vision technologies was integrated with the platform and installed in Smart Car. In ITS Center, an automatic vision-based traffic surveillance system and an incident detection system have been developed for extracting traffic parameters. The vision-based parking lot information system and license-plate recognition were also developed on the basis of video information platform. This task has installed a video-information demonstration platform covering NCTU campus, HSIP and partial Hsinchu city roads. The system architecture of the video information platform is illustrated in Fig. 3. This task implemented the intelligent vision-based information platform and developed the automatic camera calibration. The objective of camera calibration is to determine all the required parameters for estimating the world coordinates from the pixel coordinates of a given point in an image frame. Based on the structure in Fig. 3, the video-information platform has been established in NCTU campus and HSIP. Fig. 4 shows the area of the video-information demonstration system, there are seventeen CCTV sets covering the major intersections in HSIP. Fig. 5 shows the images captured by the cameras in the current video-information platform. The other application of information platform in ITS vision system is the image-based parking lot information system. In image-based parking lot management system, we get
No.ofstraight Car:004No.of leff Car:008012Total Car NoLeftturn rate0.667Fig.5Imagescapturedbythecamerasinthecurrentvideo-informationplatformMaltiantAIPHPakCPakEsC080400718Fig.6IntelligentparkinglotinformationsystemAfter image processing, the parking lot information sent to ITS center and drivers via wirelesscommunication.All the procedures areprocessedinreal time.This taskdeveloped a new algorithmand shadow detection algorithm in RGB color space. Adaptive parking lot coloring algorithm colorsthe parkinglot withthe most suitable color,and shadow detectionalgorithmhelps us locateshadowregion.Fig.6showstheintelligentparkinglotmanagementsystem
Fig. 5 Images captured by the camerasin the current video-information platform Fig. 6 Intelligent parking lot information system After image processing, the parking lot information sent to ITS center and drivers via wireless communication. All the procedures are processed in real time. This task developed a new algorithm and shadow detection algorithm in RGB color space. Adaptive parking lot coloring algorithm colors the parking lot with the most suitable color, and shadow detection algorithm helps us locate shadow region. Fig. 6 shows the intelligent parking lot management system