Study on Supervision, Alarm and EmergencySystem for Subway in Big CityGuide Words: Component; safety; emergency, supervision and alarm;,Abstract: In recent years, more and more emergency event occurred in national and internationalsubway transportation system, which brings huge challenge for Subway safety. With the increase ofsubway mileage in big city in China, it is very important and urgent to build a supervision, alarm andemergency system in order to ensure the safety of subway transportation. In this paper, on the basis toanalysis the risk of emergency event that faced by subway, the framework of supervision, alarm andemergency system are given, the main function and interface of supervision, alarm and emergencysystem also are outlined.L.INTRODUCTIONSubway transportation in big city as a large volume, fast, punctual, comfortable and safetytransport system, has provided the effective means to ease the city traffic jams, inadequate capacityand other issues. At present, the construction of subway transportation network is speeding up, theoperating mileage is expanding and the number of transported passengers has been increased in manymajorcitiesof China.Asamatterof factthatthesubwaytransportationisa complexsystemwhichinvolves many departments, strong professional of operating organizations, complex technicalequipment and closed operation, oncefaced by road failures, natural disasters, man-made destructionand other unexpected events, because the close and limited of the rescue space, it will be difficult inevacuation and rescue, more easily to have a run congestion, and a improper disposal will lead toenormous loss of lifeand property,which will makea significant impact on economic and social life.Especially in recent years, the international security situation has faced serious challenges.According to the frequency of unexpected events such as gas, fire, explosion occurred in subwaytransportation, the problem of subway transportation operational safety becomes abnormal prominentSuch as the gas attack which happened in Tokyo, Japan in 1995, which caused 12 people death, morethan 3,000 people injured, 16 subway stations were affected by the gas source; In 2003 the subwaytransport catastrophic fire events occurred at Daegu City, Korea, which led 198 deaths and 147injuries; The explosion of subway transportation happened in London in2005, caused more than 50people deaths and 70o injured, all subway transport were suspended and the traffic was paralyzed, TheMoscow subway transportation bombing in 2010, which has led 38 deaths and 63 injuries. Security isthe most important topics in subway transportation operation. So it is with a great significance that the
Study on Supervision, Alarm and Emergency System for Subway in Big City Guide Words：Component; safety; emergency; supervision and alarm;. Abstract：In recent years, more and more emergency event occurred in national and international subway transportation system, which brings huge challenge for Subway safety. With the increase of subway mileage in big city in China, it is very important and urgent to build a supervision, alarm and emergency system in order to ensure the safety of subway transportation. In this paper, on the basis to analysis the risk of emergency event that faced by subway, the framework of supervision, alarm and emergency system are given, the main function and interface of supervision, alarm and emergency system also are outlined. I. INTRODUCTION Subway transportation in big city as a large volume, fast, punctual, comfortable and safety transport system, has provided the effective means to ease the city traffic jams, inadequate capacity and other issues. At present, the construction of subway transportation network is speeding up, the operating mileage is expanding and the number of transported passengers has been increased in many major cities of China. As a matter of fact that the subway transportation is a complex system which involves many departments, strong professional of operating organizations, complex technical equipment and closed operation, once faced by road failures, natural disasters, man-made destruction and other unexpected events, because the close and limited of the rescue space, it will be difficult in evacuation and rescue, more easily to have a run congestion, and a improper disposal will lead to enormous loss of life and property, which will make a significant impact on economic and social life. Especially in recent years, the international security situation has faced serious challenges. According to the frequency of unexpected events such as gas, fire, explosion occurred in subway transportation, the problem of subway transportation operational safety becomes abnormal prominent. Such as the gas attack which happened in Tokyo, Japan in 1995, which caused 12 people death, more than 3,000 people injured, 16 subway stations were affected by the gas source; In 2003 the subway transport catastrophic fire events occurred at Daegu City, Korea, which led 198 deaths and 147 injuries; The explosion of subway transportation happened in London in2005, caused more than 50 people deaths and 700 injured, all subway transport were suspended and the traffic was paralyzed; The Moscow subway transportation bombing in 2010, which has led 38 deaths and 63 injuries. Security is the most important topics in subway transportation operation. So it is with a great significance that the
study of the establishment of subway transportation supervision, alarm and emergency system,strengthen the supervision, alarm and emergency response capabilities of subwaytransportation havemade..II.EMERGENCYRISKANALYSISOFTHESUBWAYTRANSPORTATIONThe risk of unexpected events occurred in subway transportation comes from two aspects: On theonehand istheinternal risk,includingtheline,track,turnouts,communications,drainage,escalatorsand other mechanical and electrical equipment failures, and the train derailment, conflict and othermobileequipmentfailure.Ontheotherhandistheexternal risk,including hazardous chemical spillsfires, explosions, poison gas attacks, earthquakes, severe weather, sudden large passenger flow andotherexternalinjuriesTable 1.Emergency risk source list of thesubwaytransportationCategRiskLossLocation ofMajorRiskImpactPossibiSeveRisk SourceDescriptionorylityrityObjectWhole LineTrack FaultSubway1CTransportationFacilitiesWhole LineTrainIICrowd,BConflictSubwayInterTransportatioFacilitiesnalWirelessWhole LineCrowd,IIRiskBCommunicatSubwayion ParalysisTransportationFacilitiesStationElectricalSubwayIDEquipmentTransportatioFailurenFacilitiesMain lineTurnoutsSubway1CandFailureTransportatioAuxiliarynFacilitieslineTrainWhole LineCrowdIIBDerailmentSubwayTransportationFacilities
study of the establishment of subway transportation supervision, alarm and emergency system, strengthen the supervision, alarm and emergency response capabilities of subway transportation have made. II. EMERGENCYRISKANALYSIS OF THE SUBWAY TRANSPORTATION The risk of unexpected events occurred in subway transportation comes from two aspects: On the one hand is the internal risk, including the line, track, turnouts, communications, drainage, escalators and other mechanical and electrical equipment failures, and the train derailment, conflict and other mobile equipment failure. On the other hand is the external risk, including hazardous chemical spills, fires, explosions, poison gas attacks, earthquakes, severe weather, sudden large passenger flow and other external injuries. Table 1. Emergency risk source list of the subway transportation
Station,LeakageofCrowd.IVAdangerousTrainSubwaychemicalsTransportatio(includingnFaciliticspoison gasEnvironmentattacks)FireStationCrowd,IIAhappened inSubwaythe stationTransportatioequipmentnFacilitiesareaStationStationACrowd.IVplatfomSubwayExterExplosionTransportationalStation HallnRiskExplosionFacilities.EnvironmentStationStationIVCrowd.Aplatfom fireSubwayTransportationFaciliticsTunnclTunnel fireCrowd.IVASubwayTransportationFacilitiesTrainTrainCrowd.IVAExplosionSubwayTransportationFacilitiesWhole LineSevereCrowd,II0WeatherSubwayTransportation FacilitiesRobbery,Station,Crowd.IIAarmedTrainSubwayassault,Transportatiofights andnFacilitiesotherseriouscriminalincidentsAbout the analysis of the possibility of risks for subway transport emergency, based on thehistorical data analysis, considering relevant factors, the possibility of risks has been divided into fivelevels. A-level: basically impossible (occurring no more than 3 times in every 10 years); B-level: lesslikely(less than 3 times each year); C-level:possible(less than 3 times each month); D-level: likely tohappen (no more than 3 times per week); E-level: must have occurred (daily occurrence).The lossseverity is divided into 4 levels: level c: mild; level C: general,; level c: severe; level C: very severeTable 1 shows the detailed data.IIL.THERESEARCHONTHESUBWAYTRANSPORTATION SUPERVISION,ALARMANDEMERGENCYSYSTEMFRAMEWORKAccording to the subway transportation emergency risk analysis results, we have seen that thepossibility of internal risk occurrence is large, but the loss is basically little. We can do the routinemonitoring through the establishment of various types of monitoring systems.The possibility ofexternal risk occurrence is small, once it occurred, the loss would be very seriously. So it is veryimportant to strengthen risk management, improve the emergency plan and do more simulation
About the analysis of the possibility of risks for subway transport emergency, based on the historical data analysis, considering relevant factors, the possibility of risks has been divided into five levels. A-level: basically impossible (occurring no more than 3 times in every 10 years); B-level: less likely(less than 3 times each year); C-level: possible(less than 3 times each month); D-level: likely to happen (no more than 3 times per week); E-level: must have occurred (daily occurrence). The loss severity is divided into 4 levels: level ĉ: mild; level Ċ: general; level ċ: severe; level Č: very severe. Table 1 shows the detailed data. III. THERESEARCH ON THE SUBWAY TRANSPORTATION SUPERVISION, ALARM AND EMERGENCY SYSTEM FRAMEWORK According to the subway transportation emergency risk analysis results, we have seen that the possibility of internal risk occurrence is large, but the loss is basically little. We can do the routine monitoring through the establishment of various types of monitoring systems. The possibility of external risk occurrence is small, once it occurred, the loss would be very seriously. So it is very important to strengthen risk management, improve the emergency plan and do more simulation
exercises, do more scientific and effective response of the emergency,improve the ability and level ofthe accidents disposal.Considering both from the alarm and emergency aspects, the general framework of the subwaytransportation supervision, alarm and emergency system constitute of the device layer, the data layer,theplatform layer,the applicationlayer. Accordance with the emergency incident managementprocess (before-in-after),the system has provided supervision and alarm, emergency duty, resourcemanagement, emergency command, summaryevaluation, simulation exercises and otherfunctions.Asshown in the Fig. 1BusinssapplicationsfthesuwaytransportationupervisionalarmanEmergencysystemApplicatSupervisiononLayeralarmdutApplication Platform of Geographic Information System(GIS)Display Spatial informatioSpatial analysisSpaceanalysiPlatformPolicInformation SharingplatformRegulaOrganizatiionsDataFederationData ReplicaionWeb Service/Middlewareon SystemStandaSecuritydSystemDataand information resourcesSpecifiationEmergency Service DataDeviceand NetworkCommunication Network and Information security safeguardsFigure 1.the general framework ofthe subway transportation supervision, alarm and emergency systeA.DevicelayerThedevicelayeris composedofthenetworkinfrastructure,videosystems,severstoragedevicesemergency on site access equipment, telephone, fax and other equipment. The network infrastructurereferstothelocal and wide areanetworkresources ofthesubwaytransportation companies,suchasoffice networks, production networks, etc. It also includes the appropriate network managementsystem; Emergency on site access equipment means thewired, wireless and other different ways ofthe communication access system which solve the problem of the emergency on site communicationaccess.B.Data layerThedata layer is composed of emergency service information and external system informationwhich need to be shared. Emergency service information including emergency organization systemdata, rescue resource data, emergency plan data, geographic information, basic information
exercises, do more scientific and effective response of the emergency, improve the ability and level of the accidents disposal. Considering both from the alarm and emergency aspects, the general framework of the subway transportation supervision, alarm and emergency system constitute of the device layer, the data layer, the platform layer, the application layer. Accordance with the emergency incident management process (before-in-after),the system has provided supervision and alarm, emergency duty, resource management, emergency command, summary evaluation, simulation exercises and other functions. As shown in the Fig. 1 Figure 1. the general framework of the subway transportation supervision, alarm and emergency syste A. Device layer The device layer is composed of the network infrastructure, video systems, sever storage devices, emergency on site access equipment, telephone, fax and other equipment. The network infrastructure refers to the local and wide area network resources of the subway transportation companies, such as office networks, production networks, etc. It also includes the appropriate network management system; Emergency on site access equipment means the wired, wireless and other different ways of the communication access system which solve the problem of the emergency on site communication access. B. Data layer The data layer is composed of emergency service information and external system information which need to be shared. Emergency service information including emergency organization system data, rescue resource data, emergency plan data, geographic information, basic information
emergency information, cases of emergency rescue, emergency simulation program, decision supportmodel,knowledge base and so on.External system information refers to the alarm information whichcomes from the subway transportation comprehensive monitoring system and the signal system, andsome other relevant information which provided by the provincial/municipal emergency office, fire,hospitals and public security departments.C.PlatformlayerThe platform layer is composed of the information sharing platform and geographic informationsystem (GIS). Information sharing platform will be based on SOA architecture and ESB technology, toachieve the unified sharing and management between the subway transportation supervision, alarmand emergency system and various types of multi-source exotic heterogeneous information fromvarious departments, a number of information systems. Geographic information system (GIS) is usedto implement the unified management of the system's emergency geographic information, and thevisual representation of the system information, emergency resources navigation, spatial analysis anddecision-making.D.ApplicationlayerThe subway transportation's business application involves application implementation in variousbusiness areas, including supervision and alarm, emergency duty, emergency management, emergencycommand, summary evaluation, simulation exercises and other multiple application modules. Toachieve predication and alarm before the emergency events, resources scheduling decision supportduring the incidents, the whole process of information such as evaluation after the incidents.IV.THEMAINFUNCTIONSANDIMPLEMENTATIONOFTHESUBWAYTRANSPORTATION SUPERVISION,ALARMANDEMERGENCY SYSTEMThe disposal process of the emergency incidents in subway transportation can be divided into fivetypical stages, supervision and alarm stage, alarm receiving and continue receiving alarm stage,information acquisition and analysis deduction stage, rescue organizations and decision-making stage,accidents statistical analysis stage. As shown in the Fig. 2
emergency information, cases of emergency rescue, emergency simulation program, decision support model, knowledge base and so on. External system information refers to the alarm information which comes from the subway transportation comprehensive monitoring system and the signal system, and some other relevant information which provided by the provincial/municipal emergency office, fire, hospitals and public security departments. C. Platform layer The platform layer is composed of the information sharing platform and geographic information system (GIS). Information sharing platform will be based on SOA architecture and ESB technology, to achieve the unified sharing and management between the subway transportation supervision, alarm and emergency system and various types of multi-source exotic heterogeneous information from various departments, a number of information systems. Geographic information system (GIS) is used to implement the unified management of the system’s emergency geographic information, and the visual representation of the system information, emergency resources navigation, spatial analysis and decision-making. D. Application layer The subway transportation’s business application involves application implementation in various business areas, including supervision and alarm, emergency duty, emergency management, emergency command, summary evaluation, simulation exercises and other multiple application modules. To achieve predication and alarm before the emergency events, resources scheduling decision support during the incidents, the whole process of information such as evaluation after the incidents. IV. THE MAIN FUNCTIONS AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SUBWAY TRANSPORTATION SUPERVISION, ALARM AND EMERGENCY SYSTEM The disposal process of the emergency incidents in subway transportation can be divided into five typical stages, supervision and alarm stage, alarm receiving and continue receiving alarm stage, information acquisition and analysis deduction stage, rescue organizations and decision-making stage, accidents statistical analysis stage. As shown in the Fig. 2